reality therapy is a particular approach in adolescent development and independence that repeatedly emphasized on the disagreeable relationships and self-control to encourage personal growth. unfortunately, we could not find any study in the context of effectiveness of training reality therapy concepts on parent-child conflicts and self-efficacy. therefore, this study were done with the purpose...

This paper asks whether population growth is conducive to the sustainability of cooperation. A simple model is developed in which farmers who live around a circular lake engage in trade with their adjacent neighbors. The payoffs from this activity are governed by a prisoner's dilemma "rule of engagement." Every farmer has one son when the population is not growing, or two sons when it is growin...