Background: Nicotine can activate dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, there is no evidence about complete inhibition of VTA on nicotine reinforcement. Methods: in the present study, we used conditioned-place preference (CPP) method to study the effect of transient inhibition of left and/or right side of the VTA by lidocaine on nicotine reward properties. Male ...

background: heart disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with beta thalassemia, rendering its early diagnosis vital. we studied and compared echocardiographic findings in patients with beta thalassemia major, patients with beta thalassemia intermedia, and a control group. methods: eighty asymptomatic patients with thalassemia major and 22 asymptomatic cases with thalas...

In this study ten pairs of superior gland of third eyelid of 10 adult male camels free of apparent ocular disease were examined to compare the normal anatomical and histological properties of these glands. After dissecting, all of the glands were characterized and measured (length and width) on both the left and right side. In the camels, the superior gland of the third eyelid was oval shaped a...

Length-two string rewriting systems are length preserving string rewriting systems that consist of length-two rules. This paper shows that confluence, termination, left-most termination and right-most termination are undecidable properties for length-two string rewriting systems. This results mean that these properties are undecidable for the class of linear term rewriting systems in which dept...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to preliminarily assess a constant pressure and quantity fat granule injection device for minimal invasive properties in clinic. METHODS A retrospective controlled study was carried out, from October 2013 to January 2015, on 76 female healthy patients aged between 26 and 53 years at the General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, China. To achieve sm...

in this paper, we present the concepts of a fuzzy soft left (right) ideal and fuzzy soft interior ideal over an ordered semigroup s . some basic results of fuzzy soft left (right) ideals and fuzzy soft interior ideals are investigated and the supported examples are provided. different classes, regular, intra-regular, and simple ordered semigroups are   characterized by means of fuzzy sof...

in this study ten pairs of superior gland of third eyelid of 10 adult male camels free of apparent ocular disease were examined to compare the normal anatomical and histological properties of these glands. after dissecting, all of the glands were characterized and measured (length and width) on both the left and right side. in the camels, the superior gland of the third eyelid was oval shaped a...

abstract objective: the aim of this study was to compare the body fat parameters in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome using an objective method. materials and methods: this case-control study was performed in tehran and consisted of 105 individuals with age range of 20 to 55 years. all participants were overweight and obese. ncep atp iii criteria were used for identifying subjects...

BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve repair is often complicated by fibroblastic scar formation, nerve dysfunction, and traumatic neuroma formation. Use of silicone may improve outcomes of these repairs. In this study, we tried to evaluate effectiveness of silicone gel on rats’ sciatic nerve repair, axon regeneration and scar formation around and in the nervous tissues. METHODS This experimental stud...