Purpose Interventional radiology techniques cause radiation exposure both to patient and personnel. The dose the operator is usually measured with dosimeters located at specific points above or below lead aprons. aim of this study develop validate two fast Monte Carlo (MC) codes for transport in order improve assessment individual doses interventional radiology. proposed methodology reduces num...

" Extended Ensemble Monte Carlo " is a generic term that indicates a set of algorithms which are now popular in a variety of fields in physics and statistical information processing. Exchange Monte Carlo (Metropolis-Coupled Chain, Parallel Tempering), Simulated Tempering (Expanded Ensemble Monte Carlo), and Multicanonical Monte Carlo (Adaptive Umbrella Sampling) are typical members of this fami...

A commercial Monte Carlo simulation package, NXEGS 1.12 (NumeriX LLC, New York, NY), was commissioned for photon-beam dose calculations. The same sets of measured data from 6-MV and 18-MV beams were used to commission NXEGS and Pinnacle 6.2b (Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA). Accuracy and efficiency were compared against the collapsed cone convolution algorithm implemented in Pinnacle 6.2b...

Variation has become a critical concern in modern process geometries; managing it properly is key in designing custom circuits with competitive performance, power, and area. This paper describes how a flow using design-specific corners manages variation issues in a unified fashion. To enable corner-based design, the key ingredients are corner extraction and design verification tools. This paper...

one of known methods for measuring, forecasting and managing risk is value at risk, which recently has been used by financial institutions extensively. value at risk (var) is a method for recognizing and evaluating risk and uses standard statistical techniques that have daily using in other contexts. this research is seeking a career for managing investment risk in stock exchange and selection ...

An essential ingredient in radiotherapy is the calculation of the dose to be delivered to the patient. Analytical algorithms are commonly used for such a task, however their accuracy is not always satisfactory. Monte Carlo techniques provide higher accuracy, but they often require large computational times. Track-repeating algorithms, for example the Fast Dose Calculator, have shown promise for...

In this paper, we present a new method to fast approximate the hypervolume measurement by improving the classical Monte Carlo sampling method. Hypervolume value can be used as a quality indicator or selection indicator for multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), and thus the efficiency of calculating this measurement is of crucial importance especially in the case of large sets or many ...