Ligand- or voltage-driven stochastic gating-the structural rearrangements by which the channel switches between its open and closed states-is a fundamental property of biological membrane channels. Gating underlies the channel's ability to respond to different stimuli and, therefore, to be functionally regulated by the changing environment. The accepted understanding of the gating effect on the...

INTRODUCTION Infiltrations are the most commonly identified complication of peripheral intravenous (PIV) therapy with an incidence ranging from 23%-78%. Injury can range from slight redness to functional impairment and residual cosmetic defects. Often, the extent of injury may depend on how quickly a potential infiltration is assessed and treated. The perioperative setting may create unique cha...

It has long been asserted that proteins such as transcription factors may locate their target in DNA sequences at rates that surpass by several orders of magnitude the three-dimensional diffusion limit thanks to facilitated diffusion, that is, the combination of one-dimensional (sliding along the DNA) and three-dimensional diffusion. This claim has been supported throughout the years by several...

We present a theoretical model of facilitated diffusion of proteins in the cell nucleus. This model, which takes into account the successive binding and unbinding events of proteins to DNA, relies on a fractal description of the chromatin which has been recently evidenced experimentally. Facilitated diffusion is shown quantitatively to be favorable for a fast localization of a target locus by a...

R. D. Noble, a research profissor in chemical engineering at the Univ. of Colorado, specializes in the use of reversible chemical reactions in chemical gas and liquid separation processes, most notably the use of ion-exchange membranes as supports for complexing agents and the modeling and analysis of various facilitated transport systems. Refore joining the Univ, of Colorado, he served as an a...

We studied the authorship of messages produced through facilitated communication (FC) for all users of FC in two comprehensive schools in a small city in Finland. The participants were 11 children with intellectual disabilities, including autism, all having used FC from 1-3 years. The test conditions involved open and blind information-passing tasks in which the participants were directed to wr...