STUDY DESIGN Facet joint kinematics and capsular ligament strains were evaluated during simulated whiplash of whole cervical spine specimens with muscle force replication. OBJECTIVES To describe facet joint kinematics, including facet joint compression and facet joint sliding, and quantify peak capsular ligament strain during simulated whiplash. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Clinical studies h...

In this paper, Standard Sampled Grating array is designed and 2D simulation is performed with Finite difference method. Implementation of Different types of subwavength Grating structures are discussed and analyzed with simulation result. The power Reflectivity at different wavelength under the variation of different grating parameters is demonstrated on the simulation. Grating periods, grating...

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of facet tropism and facet arthrosis of spondylolisthesis levels in degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis as compared to computed tomography (CT). The discrepancies in the interpretation of CT and MRI data in the evaluation of facet tropism and arthrosis have given rise to questions re...

GaSb-based interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at a center wavelength of 6.12 µm 20 °C in continuous-wave operation up to maximum operating temperature 40 are presented. Pulsed measurements based on broad area devices show improved performance by applying the recently published approach adjusting Ga 1 − x $_{1-x}$ InxSb layer thickness active region reduce valence intersubband absorption. ...

Optical reflectivity of the retro-reflector installed in LHD as the first mirror was reduced seriously by plasma wall interaction. In order to understand the mechanism of the reflectivity reduction, optical and material properties of the mirror surfaces have been examined extensively. It was found that the deposited impurity layers caused the serious reduction of the reflectivity. Formation of ...

Sonoda et al. reported a new aspect of diagnostic imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in their manuscript, ‘‘Correlation between reflectivity of subretinal fluid in OCT images and concentration of intravitreal VEGF in eyes with diabetic macular edema.’’ Neudorfer and the authors found that OCT reflectivity is variable in subretinal fluid in diabetic macula edema cases. They have alrea...

Wepresent first-principles simulations of single grain boundary reflectivity of electrons in noble metals, Cu and Ag. We examine twin and non-twin grain boundaries using nonequilibrium Green’s function and first principles methods. We also investigate the determinants of reflectivity in grain boundaries by modeling atomic vacancies, disorder, and orientation and find that both the change in gra...

BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) fibrosis is important for the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Calibrated integrated backscatter derived by 2D echocardiography quantifies myocardial ultrasound reflectivity, which may provide a surrogate of LV fibrosis. The aim of the study was first, to investigate the relation of myocardial ultrasound reflectivity assessed with calibrated ...

STUDY DESIGN An anatomic study of facet angle orientation and morphology of the lumbar spine was performed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine how age, gender, race, and pelvic incidence (PI) correlate with facet orientation in the lumbar spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Lumbar facet orientation has important implications in the development of numerous pathologies of the spin...