There isn't nearly as much trade as standard models suggest there should be. Formal trade barriers and transport costs are too low to account for the difference. The pattern of missing trade has interesting variation across country pairs. These clues suggest the need for theoretical and eventually structural empirical work on the missing transactions costs. This paper reviews recent empirical f...

Why would the US threaten punitive tariffs on luxury autos to implement a market share target in auto parts? We show that by making threats to a linked market, a market share target may be implemented with fairly weak informational and administrative requirements. Moreover, such policies can be both pro-competitive and advantageous to US firms. ( 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. ...

This paper considers the phenomenon of third party antidumping; that is, the ability of a firm to bring an AD case in a foreign country against third party dumpers. Recent experience in New Zealand is discussed and suggestions are offered as to why a country might wish to permit foreigners to demand that other foreigners increase prices in that country. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....

In this paper, we offer a general analytical framework illustrating the complex two-way interactions between trade and transnational terrorism. We then survey the recent economic literature in light of this framework by pointing to the importance in empirical studies a) to control appropriately for theses interactions, b) to distinguish between "source" countries and "target" countries of terro...

We distinguish standard settlements, in which the status quo is preserved, and injunctive settlements, which prohibit the defendant’s activity. The reverse (payment) settlement is a special type of injunctive settlement. We examine the divergence between private and social incentives to settle and policies that would minimize socially undesirable injunctive and reverse settlements (e.g., bannin...

We use microdata collected at the border and store to characterize price impact of recent US trade policy on importers, exporters, consumers. At border, import tariff pass-through is much higher than exchange rate pass-through. Chinese exporters did not lower their dollar prices by much, despite appreciation dollar. By contrast, significantly lowered affected foreign retaliatory tariffs. In sto...

[1] The question of whether the cross polar cap potential drop in the Earth’s ionosphere saturates under conditions of extreme electric field in the solar wind has been tested observationally during the past several years. The challenge to proving the existence of this phenomenon is that periods of such extreme electric fields in the solar wind are relatively rare. The three superstorms of Octo...

The complete sequences of RNA1, RNA2 and satellite RNA have been determined for a South African isolate of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV-SACH44). The two RNAs of GFLV-SACH44 are 7,341 nucleotides (nt) and 3,816 nt in length, respectively, and its satellite RNA (satRNA) is 1,104 nt in length, all excluding the poly(A) tail. Multiple sequence alignment of these sequences showed that GFLV-SACH44 R...

HIV-1 entry into cells is mediated by interactions between the envelope (Env) gp120 and gp41 proteins with CD4 and chemokine receptors via an intermediate called the viral fusion complex (vFC). Here, mAbs were used to find the dynamic changes in expression of antigenic epitopes during vFC formation. A CD4-specific mAb (R275) and anti-vFC mAbs, designated F12-1, F13-6 and F18-4 that recognize th...