Throughout this paper, R will represent an associative ring with center Z(R). A ring R is n-torsion free, where n > 1 is an integer, in case nx = 0, x ∈ R implies x = 0. As usual the commutator xy− yx will be denoted by [x, y]. We will use basic commutator identities [xy,z] = [x,z]y + x[y,z] and [x, yz] = [x, y]z+ y[x,z]. Recall that a ring R is prime if aRb = (0) implies that either a = 0 or b...

The notion of symmetric left bi-derivation of a BCI-algebra X is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Some results on componentwise regular and d-regular symmetric left bi-derivations are obtained. Finally, characterizations of a p-semisimple BCI-algebra are explored, and it is proved that, in a p-semisimple BCI-algebra, F is a symmetric left bi-derivation if and only if it is a...

In this paper a version of LFG will be developed, which has only one level of representation and is equivalent to the modified version of [2], presented in [3]. The structures of this monostratal version are f-structures, augmented by additional information about the derived symbols and their linear order. For these structures it is possible to define an adequate concept of direct derivability ...

‎Let $R$ be a noncommutative prime ring of‎ ‎characteristic different from $2$‎, ‎$U$ the Utumi quotient ring of $R$‎, ‎$C$ $(=Z(U))$ the extended centroid‎ ‎of $R$‎. ‎Let $0neq ain R$ and $f(x_1,ldots,x_n)$ a multilinear‎ ‎polynomial over $C$ which is noncentral valued on $R$‎. ‎Suppose‎ ‎that $G$ and $H$ are two nonzero generalized derivations of $R$‎ ‎such that $a(H(f(x))f(x)-f(x)G(f(x)))in ...

a polynomial   1 2 ( , , , ) n f x x x is called multilinear if it is homogeneous and linear in every one of its variables. in the present paper our objective is to prove the following result: let   r be a prime k-algebra over a commutative ring   k with unity and let 1 2 ( , , , ) n f x x x be a multilinear polynomial over k. suppose that   d is a nonzero derivation on r such that ...

Let R be a 2-torsion free prime ring with center Z, right Utumi quotient ring U , generalized derivation F associated with a nonzero derivation d of R and L a Lie ideal of R. If F (uv)n = F (u)mF (v)l or F (uv)n = F (v)lF (u)m for all u, v ∈ L, where m,n, l are fixed positive integers, then L ⊆ Z. We also examine the case where R is 312 Ahmad N. Alkenani et al. a semiprime ring. Finally, as an ...

We study the inverse problem in difference Galois theory of linear differential equations over difference-differential field C(x) with derivation ddx and endomorphism f(x)?f(x+1). Our main result is that every algebraic group, considered as a occurs group some equation C(x).

Input Distance ( ) is introduced as a metric for propositional resolution derivations. If F = Ci is a formula and D is a clause, then (D;F) is de ned as minijD Cij. The for a derivation is the maximum of any clause in the derivation. Input Distance provides a re nement of the clause-width metric analyzed by Ben-Sasson and Wigderson (JACM 2001) in that it applies to families whose clause width g...

Abstract. Let R be a 2-torsion free ring with identity. In this paper, first we prove that any Jordan left derivation (hence, any left derivation) on the full matrix ringMn(R) (n 2) is identically zero, and any generalized left derivation on this ring is a right centralizer. Next, we show that if R is also a prime ring and n 1, then any Jordan left derivation on the ring Tn(R) of all n×n uppe...