Both the corollary discharge of the oculomotor command and eye muscle proprioception provide eye position information to the brain. Two contradictory models have been suggested about how these two sources contribute to visual localization: (1) only the efference copy is used whereas proprioception is a slow recalibrator of the forward model, and (2) both signals are used together as a weighted ...

This work deals with exploration of the latest and the most effective unsupervised approaches for automatic eye center localization, which may be suitable for the real time eye gaze tracking applications. These approaches were based upon direct mathematical formulations and principles without needing any complex trained models. The experiment was performed over standard face image dataset, whic...

In this paper, a human eye localization algorithm in images and video is presented for faces with frontal pose and upright orientation. A given face region is filtered by a high-pass filter of a wavelet transform. In this way, edges of the region are highlighted, and a caricature-like representation is obtained. After analyzing horizontal projections and profiles of edge regions in the high-pas...

Theoretically, the location of a visual target can be encoded with respect to the locations of other stimuli in the visual image (exocentric cues), or with respect to the observer (egocentric cues). Egocentric localization in the oculomotor system has been shown to rely on an internal representation of eye position that inaccurately encodes the time-course of saccadic eye movements, resulting i...

PURPOSE To demonstrate the expression pattern and subcellular localization of Bves/Pop1a protein, a newly identified cell adhesion molecule, during eye development and corneal regeneration. METHODS Staged embryonic and adult eyes were assayed using fluorescence immunohistochemistry to detect the Bves protein. A human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line was used as a model to examine Bves local...

By using the knowledge of facial structure and temperature distribution, this paper proposes an automatic eye localization method from long wave infrared thermal images both with eyeglasses and without eyeglasses. First, with the help of support vector machine classifier, three gray-projection features are defined to determine whether a subject is with eyeglasses. For subjects with eyeglasses, ...

Purpose Visual scanning by sighted individuals is done using eye and head movements. In contrast, scanning using the Argus II is solely done by head movement, since eye movements can introduce localization errors. Here, we tested if a scanning mode utilizing eye movements increases visual stability and reduces head movements in Argus II users. Methods Eye positions were measured in real-time ...

We investigated localization of brief visual targets during reflexive eye movements (optokinetic nystagmus). Subjects mislocalized these targets in the direction of the slow eye movement. This error decreased shortly before a saccade and temporarily increased afterwards. The pattern of mislocalization differs markedly from mislocalization during voluntary eye movements in the presence of visual...