The developmental changes that accompany tomato fruit ripening include increased solubilization and depolymerization of pectins due to the action of polygalacturonase (PG). Two PG isoenrymes can be extracted from ripe fruit: PG2, which is a single catalytic PG polypeptide, and PG1, which is composed of PG2 tightly associated with a second noncatalytic protein, the p subunit. Previous studies ha...

Extractable functions are functions where any adversary that outputs a point in the range of the function is guaranteed to “know” a corresponding preimage. Here, knowledge is captured by the existence of an efficient extractor that recovers the preimage from the internal state of the adversary. Extractability of functions was defined by the authors (ICALP’08) in the context of perfectly one-way...

High-organic (mucky) mineral soils make a small proportion of the Canadian agricultural land but are highly productive, especially for organic farming. Although these high-quality soils may release large amounts of nitrate and phosphate to the environment, there is yet no reliable agro-environmental indicator for managing N and P compared to the adjacent mineral and organic soils. Our objective...

Ash from pig manure treated by combustion and thermal gasification was characterized and compared in terms of nutrient, i.e., potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and heavy metal, i.e., cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) contents. Total nutrient and metal concentrations were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Acid (HNO3, H2SO4) and water-extr...

The accumulation of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin, glyceollin, occurs in hypocotyls of green soybean seedlings (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Harosoy 63) in response to the injection of a glucan elicitor isolated from the mycelial walls of the fungus, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. This accumulation, which levels off after 24 hours, is preceded by a dramatic, transient rise in extractable ac...

Abstract To reduce dependency on inorganic phosphorus (P) fertiliser, secondary P fertilisers such as struvite are becoming more important. However, the uptake of these new by plants is often not known and may be enhanced plant associated microorganisms. We therefore investigated effect arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in rye ( Secale cereale L.), grown middle compartment a box with chambers separat...

Shifts in manure phosphorus (P) chemical forms and pool sizes induced by water treatment residuals and industrial mineral by-products are largely undefined. We conducted a manure P fractionation study to determine mechanisms of reduction of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in poultry manure upon mineral by-product additions. The effects of composting on the P immobilization efficacy of the b...

In response to concerns over the translocation of P from soils P-sensitive water bodies, there is high demand for developing simple indicators evaluating a soil’s risk releasing into solution. Many studies have shown that degree soil phosphorus saturation (DPS), calculated as ratio concentration sorption capacity (PSC), good predictor in this study we compared four different DPS indices how wel...

which can become exposed at the soil surface from a long history of erosion (Bruce et al., 1990). Plant production can be limited by low levels of available P due Poultry production in the Appalachian Piedmont is exto high P-fixation capacity in soils of the southeastern USA. On the tensive (U.S. Dep. of Commerce, 1992). Manure mixed other hand, there is increasing concern about excessive appli...

The effect of increasing soil Zn concentrations on growth and Zn tissue concentrations of a metalaccumulating aspen clone was examined in a dose–response study. Plants were grown in a soil with a low native Zn content which was spiked with Zn salt solutions and subsequently aged. Plant growth was not affected by NH4NO3-extractable soil Zn concentrations up to 60 mg Zn g 1 soil, but it was compl...