We report on the theoretical calculations considering collinear electromagnetic radiation at the propagation of an optical pulse through a slab of nonlinear material. Calculated waveforms of the radiated field fit well to the experimental dependencies showing the remarkable similarities between the radiation at nonlinear wave interaction and the radiation phenomena of moving external charges, s...

We treat transformation properties of external radiation fields in the proper frame of a plasma moving with constant speed. The specific spectral energy densities of external isotropic and accretion-disk radiation fields are derived in the comoving frame of relativistic outflows, such as those thought to be found near black-hole jet and gammaray burst sources. Nonthermal electrons and positrons...

background: ionizing radiation is present in all environment of the earth’s surface, beneath the earth and in the atmosphere. human beings are exposed to external radiation from their surroundings naturally and also to internal radiation from food, water and air they consume. then, it is important to measure and develop knowledge about radiation. objective: this study is designed to evaluate th...

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lyi...

INTRODUCTION On March 11, 2011, Japan experienced its largest recorded earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0. The resulting tsunami caused massive damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant reactors, and the surrounding environment was contaminated with radioactive materials. During this period, some residents were exposed to high levels of radiation (up to 5 millisieverts [mSv]), but sin...

Prostate cancer continues to affect an increasing number of men in the United States. When diagnosed, these men may not have access to information that differentiates the long-term outcomes of one method of treatment from another. This study evaluated the impact of external beam radiation on several domains of quality of life, including physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-be...

Dolon village, located about 60 km from the border of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, is known to be heavily contaminated by local fallout from the first USSR atomic bomb test in 1949. External radiation in Dolon was evaluated based on recent 137Cs data in soil and calculation of temporal change in the fission product composition. After fitting a log-normal distribution to the soil data, a...

All of these materials are transported on land, sea or in the air in compliance with regulations which are now universally based on the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials Ref. [1]. These regulations are designed to ensure adequate protection of transport workers, the public and the environment against the hazards of external radiation, the spread of radioactive con...

The large majority of EGRET point sources remain without an identified low-energy counterpart, and a large fraction of these sources are most likely extragalactic. Whatever the nature of the extragalactic EGRET unidentified sources, faint unresolved objects of the same class must have a contribution to the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB). Understanding this component of the EG...