This study uses the lens of organizational routines to examine the phenomena of timebased pacing in generational product innovation within the applications software industry. We first test for the presence of time-based pacing in a large sample of software businesses. We then investigate internal and external contingencies that affect the strength of time-based pacing: firm size, firm experienc...

BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy produces both short-term hemodynamic and long-term symptomatic/mortality benefits in symptomatic heart failure patients with a QRS duration >120 ms. This is conventionally believed to be due principally to relief of dyssynchrony, although we recently showed that relief of external constraint to left ventricular filling may also play a role. In this s...

found in the bipolar pacing system of our patient, probably because the insulation break was a tiny one confined to the outer insulation coating and allowing just a small amount of fluid intrusion during the two month period postimplant, and minimal leakage of current. Additionally, the impedance of the anode and the external wire, over which the fluid was accumulated, was not very low since an...

We present twelve propositions constituting a contribution to a contingency view of time in organizations and synthesize apparently opposite perspectives of time. To articulate them, we relate the ‘planning’, ‘action’ and ‘improvisation’ strategic orientations to the ‘dependent’, ‘independent’ and ‘interdependent’ perspectives of the environment. Then, we relate these strategic orientations rel...

Money has frequently been used as an extrinsic motivator since it is assumed that humans are willing to invest more effort for financial reward. However, the influence of a monetary reward on pacing and performance in trained athletes is not well-understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a monetary reward in well-trained cyclists on their pacing and performanc...

Four representatives of the pacemaker industry served as panel members for a presentation and open discussion of the present state of industrial development of devices. Each panel member made a brief presentation describing his or her own company's approach to antitachycardia pacing. The panelists had been encouraged to provide as much detail about novel features as proprietary considerations w...

A technique for determining the characteristics of impulses from implanted cardiac pacemakers with external methods is reviewed, and its value in detecting pacemaker failures is discussed. The resultsfrom a 2-year application with 6ii controls in clinical routine are presented. Sixteen out of b*42 defective pacemakers could be detected before symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of pacing fai...

Myocardial substrate extraction, coronary sinus flow, cardiac output, and left ventricular pressure were measured at increasing pacing rates before and after propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) in 13 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation. At the lowest pacing rate myocardial oxygen consumption varied considerably between patients and very hig...