Application of bills exchange in documentary credits (letters credit, LC) has been confronting with many disputes given different opinions and interpretations ordinance under various legal jurisdictions, which resulted a controversy to abolish LC transactions. To combinate functions aspects into the practice credits, this article emphasizes importance practice, articulates procedure business fr...

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is an efficient no-regret learning algorithm for decision problems modeled as extensive games. CFR’s regret bounds depend on the requirement of perfect recall: players always remember information that was revealed to them and the order in which it was revealed. In games without perfect recall, however, CFR’s guarantees do not apply. In this paper, we pre...

A carbon offset program is likely to be part of any future federal cap-and-trade program and is included in both the U.S. House of Representatives passed American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 and the Kerry-Boxer Senate draft greenhouse gas legislation. Internationally, Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities in emerging economies are eligible for carbon offset credits under the Clean Develo...

Public export credits and trade insurance require a global framework of institutions, rules regulations to avoid subsidies race the bottom. The extensive modernisation Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits (Arrangement) Organisation for Economic Co-operation Development intends re-level playing field. This Practitioner Commentary describes demand adequate government interventions, ...

Researchers have conducted extensive research on the thermal environments of rural houses worldwide. The greatest number studies comfort in areas been China. However, no reviewed or summarised literature. This paper summarises literature from three perspectives: climate zones, approach, and other factors (wind speed, humidity, building construction) that influence comfort. commenced by categori...

Concerns about energy security and climate change have sparked legislators’ interest in reducing gasoline consumption by increasing corporate average fuel-economy (CAFE) standards. Using an empirically rich simulation model and cost estimates for anticipated fuel-economy technologies, we estimate annual costs of reducing long-run gasoline consumption by 10% via a 3.8 miles per gallon increase i...

Purpose – In the last two decades, a proliferation of Business Process Management (BPM) modeling languages, standards and software systems have given rise to much confusion and obstacles to adoption. Because new BPM languages and notations terminologies were not well defined, duplicate features are common. This paper makes sense of the myriad BPM standards, organising them in a classification f...

Abstract Background and purpose Fluoride is one of the fundamental and required components in human body. The current study intends to survey the status of fluoride in drinking water supplies ( underground water source and drinking water) in Qaemshahr city from 2006 (march/21) to 2012(march/19) and comparison with universal standards, national and climatic conditions. Materials and methods This...