For most of the Ultra-High-Energy-Cosmic-Ray (UHECR) experiments and projects (HiRes, AUGER, TA, JEM-EUSO, TUS,...), the detection technique of Extensive Air Showers is based, at least, on the measurement of the air-fluorescence-induced signal. The knowledge of the Fluorescence-Light Yield (FLY) is of paramount importance for the UHECR energy reconstruction. The MACFLY experiment was designed t...

The following report describes the analysis for finding the speed of an extensive air shower produced by an ulta-high energy cosmic ray. Not only will this analysis be useful in measring the speed of cosmic ray showers but also it can help in correcting a bias in the detection instrumentation. As cosmic rays enter Earth’s upper atmosphere, they interact with nuclei, creating secondary particles...

Abstract Some simple arguments are introduced for a possible explanation of the behavior lateral shower age proton-initiated showers. The corresponding analytical treatment based on proposed argument is then illustrated. Using Monte Carlo simulation (MC) code CORSIKA, we have validated how different characteristics associated with predicted in present parametrization, can be understood. and its...

In extensive air shower experiments, the number of muons crossing a detector at given position, as well their arrival time, direction, and energy, are determined by more fundamental 3-dimensional distribution linked to hadronic core shower. Muons produced high up in atmosphere after decay mesons cascade. The distributions production depth, transverse momentum enough fully predict muon component...

A system of large-area position-sensitive multiwire proportional chambers, installed in the bottom of the central detector of the KASCADE experiment is able to observe the density distributions of extensive air shower components in the shower core. Using the method of multifractal moments, a mass sensitive parametrisation of the density distributions is given. In combination with additionally m...

KASCADE-Grande is a multi detector setup for the investigation of extensive air showers in the 10 − 10 eV energy range. With the Grande array it is possible to reconstruct the shower core position, the arrival direction and the total number of charged particles in the shower. The Grande array measures in coincidence with the original KASCADE muon array consisting of 622 m shielded scintillators...