This paper gives an ethical argument for temporarily waiving intellectual property (IP) protections COVID-19 vaccines. It examines two proposals under discussion at the World Trade Organization (WTO): India/South Africa proposal and WTO Director General proposal. Section I explains background leading up to debate. II rebuts arguments retaining current IP protections, which appeal benefiting soc...

An important question for international investors concerns the relationship between political institutions and property rights. Yet a debate remains over whether authoritarian institutions promote favorable investment climates. Using data on oil nationalization in a sample of autocracies, this study finds that legislatures are correlated with lower expropriation risk in non-personalist dictator...

While a lot of Psychologists, Sociologists and Criminologists, have profound anxiety with regard to growth of harshness in streets and public places, the probability of ones get into attack in family is more than it. Violence against women is a kind of violent behavior related to sexuality that leads to hurt or perhaps ensue to physical, sexually and psychological damages. The aim of this resea...

In the era of Information Technology, Internet plays an important role and becomes worldwide infrastructure of global communication. Domain Name is the key to reach the purpose derivable Website on the WWW. Confusion and conflict arise when words and names of Domain Name become low in resource and somehow have the same or similar identification among two or more parties. This paper provides a b...

In the era of Information Technology, Internet plays an important role and becomes worldwide infrastructure of global communication. Domain Name is the key to reach the purpose derivable Website on the WWW. Confusion and conflict arise when words and names of Domain Name become low in resource and somehow have the same or similar identification among two or more parties. This paper provides a b...

Information security and assurance are new frontiers for collaborative design. In this context, information assurance (IA) refers to methodologies to protect engineering information by ensuring its availability, confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, authentication, access control, etc. In collaborative design, IA techniques are needed to protect intellectual property, establish security ...