Restrictions on the trade in cultural goods are of particular importance, constituting a special legal regime focussed to protect Culture and Memory, aspects that have gained importance nowadays. The present study intends focus, above all, export, import restitution goods, light domestic law, but also under terms International Conventions, UNESCO UNIDROIT, as well European Directives.

Methods for analysing a hypothetical Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak in the United States have improved greatly over cost-benefit methods. The estimated magnitudes vary greatly depending on assumptions about the epidemiological input, export loss and recovery, and consumer response. Greater consensus on those assumptions would narrow the range of estimates. Current research uses improved ...

Apples destined for export to Japan and South Korea are currently disinfested for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions and limitations imposed on the uses of methyl bromide have increased interest in developing alternative non-chemical quarantine treatments. It is imperative that the treatment is effective against codling mot...

Interregional labor mobility improves the allocation of labor and provides a means of insurance against income risks (Wildasin, 1995). This paper studies labor mobility in a simple version of the speci...c factors model where domestic factors are geographically immobile. I take the perspective of a region which faces an uncertain and less than in...nitely elastic export demand schedule but is a...

This paper gives a short overview on the currently existing technical solutions for anonymous communication. The problem of anonymous communication is defined, and its basic solution is described. Practical solutions, mostly based on the basic scheme, are discussed. They provide anonymity to connections in general, and anonymity in specific applications, like email and the World Wide Web. The d...

that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...

Heimdal is an independently developed and free implementation of the Kerberos 5 protocol, unencumbered by US export restrictions. It is compatible with other implementations and is close to the MIT Kerberos 5 API. It includes versions of common applications such as telnet, ftp, rsh, su, and login. Furthermore, it has some new features not available in other implementations, such as authenticate...

abstract since the islamic revolution of 1987, iran has been affected by economic sanctions imposed by western countries, especially the u.s. since 2006 and with the development of the iranian nuclear conflict, the united nations has frequently imposed economic and financial sanctions against iran. as a result of these international restrictions and their administration by an international orga...

Many reports regarding online fraud in varieties media create skepticism for conducting transactions online, especially through an open network such as the Internet, which offers no security whatsoever. Therefore, encryption technology is vitally important to support secure e-commerce on the Internet. Two well-known encryption representing symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems as well as their...

In this paper we compare and contrast the political viability of bilateral Free Trade Area (FTA) Agreements in the presence of tariffs and quotas. Assuming that the government maximizes a weighted sum of welfare and producer profits, we show that the political viability of FTAs varies according to whether trade restrictions take the form of tariffs or quotas. A key result is that whereas an FTA...