Recommendation, collaboration and other tasks play important role on the adaptive web. For such tasks, user feedback is needed. Explicit feedback interrupts user and obtaining quality explicit feedback is problematic. On the other hand, users provide implicit feedback uninterrupted without knowing that they are rating. Traditional implicit feedback on the web – tracking of mouse and keyboard in...

Collaborative filtering is the method of choice for inferring complex user preference patterns from large collections of feedback data. •Explicit feedback: ratings given by users to items – Received a lot of attention: several very effective methods – Ratings can be scarce or expensive to collect • Implicit feedback: user purchase or click history – Easier to collect than explicit feedback: pro...

Despite consensus in focus on form (FOF) instruction over the facilitative role of noticing, controversy has not quelled over ways of directing EFL learners’ attention towards formal features via implicit techniques like input-enhancement or explicit metacognitive feedback and interactive peer-editing on the output they produce. This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of input enh...

This memo specifies how Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) can be used with the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) running over UDP, using the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) as a feedback mechanism. It defines a new RTCP Extended Report (XR) block for periodic ECN feedback, a new RTCP transport feedback message for timely reporting of congestion events, and a Session Traversal Utilities for NA...

A lot of current research efforts in self-adaptive systems community have been dedicated to the explicit modeling of architectural aspects related to system self-awareness and context-awareness. This paper presents a flexible and extensible representation of architectural design spaces for selfadaptation approaches based on feedback control loops. We have defined a generic representation for de...