the main purpose of this paper is to develop an effective and efficient promotion mix model and determine the share and value of each of the underlying variables in the promotion mix in accordance with the marketing and promotional goals and strategies of a firm. the review of earlier studies indicate that the promotion mix components such as competitor’s advertisement, public relation budget, ...

In this paper, we develop and illustrate a psychologicallymotivated model for aggregating judgments of magnitude across experts. The model assumes that experts’ judgments are perturbed from the truth by both systematic biases and random error, and it provides aggregated estimates that are implicitly based on the application of nonlinear weights to individual judgments. The model is also easily ...

This study seeks to develop a fuzzy expert system to help managers in assessing their effectiveness and position of their business on the manufacturing excellence track. Assessment process is multi-dimensional in nature and there is a relationship between the different variables of the system. In addition, both quantitative and qualitative variables as well as the uncertainty in the statements ...

In this paper a model of waste management systems is presented that is based on system dynamics. Expert knowledge on influences and parameter estimations may seriously vary and thus lead to different simulation results. Linguistic variables are one possible way to deal with the problem of experts describing influences in a qualitative way and the need for quantitative data as a basis for simula...

Experts are often used to provide uncertainty distributions in risk analyses. They play an importantrole when insufficient data exist for quantification, or when the available data or models are conflicting. Multiplesteps are required in constructing a successful expert judgment process. These steps include selecting andframing the issues, identifying the experts, deciding upon an o...

Multiple attributes group decision making (MAGDM) is regarded as the process of determining the best feasible solution by a group of experts or decision makers according to the attributes that represent different effects. In assessing the performance of each alternative with respect to each attribute and the relative importance of the selected attributes, quantitative/qualitative evaluations ar...

A great deal of research has been conducted on how humans reason about probability, yet it remains unknown what mental computations support this ability. Research on the development of the Approximate Number Sense (ANS) has shown that performance in a magnitude (i.e., estimations of integers) discrimination task is well fit by a psychophysical model (Halberda & Feigenson, 2008). Whether or not ...