The changes in civil commitment law that took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s stimulated much empirical research. The resulting studies have provided a detailed description of respondents in commitment hearings and of the commitment process itself. With few exceptions (Hiday, 1981a; Peters, Miller, Schmidt, & Meeter, 1987), this research has demonstrated that the procedural and statutor...

As part of our work with the Oregon Task Force on Civil Commitment, we surveyed the judges and commitment investigators involved in the state's involuntary treatment program. In Oregon the investigators recommend whether or not a commitment hearing should be held. These mental health professionals indicated that current confidentiality laws restrict their access to important information. The in...

urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spaces ...

Jessica P Hodge, M.S. University of Delaware Project Staff Introduction Although scientific knowledge is extraordinarily valuable as it assists the trier of fact to make an informed, legal decision, courts continue to struggle with admissibility decisions that evaluate such evidence. Judges must differentiate relevant and reliable experts from the socalled “hired guns” motivated by money alone,...

User Financial Incentives (UFIs) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. Strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. However, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. Implementation difficulties that result in individuals not u...