BACKGROUND: Gammacoronaviruses, which are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in birds. The Gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Gammacoronaviruses in quail population in Iran. METHODS: In the period from 2016 to 2018, samples from 47 qua...

UNLABELLED Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) is common in feces from young calves, but the prevalence and genetic diversity of QREC in groups of cattle of other ages and the farm environment are unknown. The aims of the study were to obtain knowledge about the occurrence of QREC on dairy farms, the genetic diversity of QREC within and between farms, and how these relate to the number ...

In the Alps, summer farms are temporary units where the livestock herds are moved during summer to graze on highland pastures. Th is study aimed to analyze the role of summer farms in the dairy farming systems of the Trento province, in the eastern Italian Alps. Data on the structures and management of the 395 active summer farms were collected from the veterinarian services of the province: 34...

1 Summary and Implications Despite a significant body of research, interventions for PRRSV infection remain elusive. Traditional approaches to managing the risk of diseases have not been successful in many cases of PRRSV infection. While elimination of the virus from farms is possible, it is not without cost and re-infection is common. This survey sought to quantify the expected duration of PRR...

The diagnostic needs for FMD control will vary. In some cases virus detection will be required, in other cases antibody detection. It is, however, essential to be prepared. Quantitative knowledge about the samples size, sensitivity and specificity of the test is therefore important. For the FMD contingency plan in the Netherlands we developed a stochastic FMD transmission model to evaluate cont...

This report explores the differences in farm and farmer attributes, marketing and management practices, and economic performance among agritourism farms in Missouri receiving different numbers of visitors 1. This is the second report derived from the Missouri Agritourism Survey, a study conducted in 2009 by the Missouri Department of Agriculture and the University of Missouri Department of Park...

BACKGROUND During 8 months from July 2012 to February 2013, a major outbreak of canine distemper involving 64 mink farms occurred on the Danish peninsula of Jutland. The canine distemper outbreak was associated with exposure of farmed mink to infected wild carnivores and could represent a deficit in biosecurity on the mink farms. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and associati...

During large Q fever outbreaks in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2010, dairy goat farms were implicated as the primary source of human Q fever. The transmission of Coxiella burnetii to humans is thought to occur primarily via aerosols, although available data on C. burnetii in aerosols and other environmental matrices are limited. During the outbreak of 2009, 19 dairy goat farms and one dairy...

1. SMART FARMS SET PERFORMANCE GOALS There is an old saying that you can’t get to your destination unless you know where you are going. Many farms that start on the path to milking excellence don’t make it because they don’t have clear quality goals for their farms. Many dairy farms consistently produce high quality milk. In 1998, over 1,800 Wisconsin dairy farms had average bulk tank somatic c...