Gene diversity, or expected heterozygosity (H), is a common statistic for assessing genetic variation within populations. Estimation of this statistic decreases in accuracy and precision when individuals are related or inbred, due to increased dependence among allele copies in the sample. The original unbiased estimator of expected heterozygosity underestimates true population diversity in samp...

Surveying the literature, the frequency distribution of single-locus heterozygosity among protein loci was examined in 95 vertebrate and 34 invertebrate species with the aim of testing the validity of the mutation-drift hypothesis. This distribution did not differ significantly from that expected under the mutation-drift hypothesis for any of the species examined when tested by the Kolmogorov-S...

population of vimba vimba persa was investigated using microsatellite markers originated from two regions along the iranian coastline of southern caspian sea (anzali lagoon and havigh river in gilan province). totally 153 alleles were identified. the highest number of alleles per ca3 loci was 17 and the lowest 3 in z8145 loci with means of 7.6. observed and expected heterozygosity averages were...

The outcome of sexual selection on males may depend on female mate choice and male-male competition as well as postcopulatory processes such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition. We studied the outcome of sexual selection in the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), specifically examining the role of body size and relatedness on male reproductive success. Using controlled mating e...

AIM The present study was thus undertaken to analyze the genetic diversity of Kilakarsal and Vembur sheep breeds using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based end-point genotyping was performed using real-time PCR to type the SNPs. Allele discr...

Secale montanum is one of the important perennial grasses growingnaturally in arid to semiarid pastures and rangelands, with a typical Mediterraneanclimate, in northern and western Iran at altitudes of 800-2900 m. In this paper, seedstorage protein profiles of nine wild populations of S. montanum from differentregions of Iran and their phenotypically superior progenies as well as a multi-origin...

Information on the genetic structure of marine species is essential for stock improvement programs. In orderto analyses the genetic diversity of the Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricte) by the microsatellite geneticmethod, 64 samples were caught from the beaches located in Kish and Qeshm islands. Polymerase chainreactions (PCR) of genomic DNA extracted from the samples wer...

Objective(s): Iran is considered as one of the high-prevalence areas for β-thalassemia with a rate of about 10% carrier frequency. Molecular diagnosis of the disease is performed both by direct sequencing and indirectly by the use of polymorphic markers present in the beta globin gene cluster. However, to date there is no reliable information on the application of the markers in the Iranian pop...

The breeding biology of a captive, isolated population Dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) at theShanghaiZoo,China, was studied from 2007 to 2019. age the estimated three four years old, and they started in late October or early November. clutch size varied between one two eggs per nest, were 83.2 ±4.8 mmin length, 55.6 ±2.9 breadth 136.1 ±21.5 gin weight. fertility fluctuated slightly, with...