Best practice life expectancy has recently been modeled using extreme value theory. In this paper we present the Gumbel autoregressive model of order one—Gumbel AR(1)—as an option for modeling best expectancy. This class represents a neat and coherent framework time series extremes. The distribution accounts nature expectancy, while AR structure temporal dependence in series. Model diagnostics ...

Abstract Social, motivational, and instructional factors impact students’ outcomes in STEM learning their career paths. Based on prior research expectancy-value theory, the study further explored how multiple affect students context of integrated learning. High school teachers participated summer professional development taught to during following year, where scientific inquiry, biomimicry, 3D ...

Expectancy theory is applied to the use of software that secures the testing environment of in-class examinations. This security software prohibits students from viewing unauthorized material during an examination. The empirical study collected 60 student questionnaire responses completed after using the security software. These responses were used to develop measures for a model derived from e...

Life history theory aims to explain the relationship between life events, recognizing that the fertility and growth schedules of organisms are dependent on environmental conditions and an organism’s ability to extract resources from its environment. Using models from life history theory, we predict life expectancy to be positively correlated with educational investments and negatively correlate...

Using expectancy-value theory, we explored whether parents' perceived expectancies, value, and costs relate to parent involvement in science math activities. We also informal learning varied based on child gender parent's report of having a science, technology, engineering, (STEM)-related career. Specifically, examined the mediating role STEM cost as well parents held STEM-related career outcom...

Although previous research has suggested a link between sexual resistance and the violation of the resisted partner’s expectations, communication scholars have yet to utilize expectancy violation theory in a sexual resistance context. As such, the current study examines the resisted individual’s perception of sexual resistance message directness and relational context in terms of three aspects ...

Medical resident education in the United States has been a matter of national priority for decades, exemplified initially through the Liaison Committee for Graduate Medical Education and then superseded by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. A recent Special Report in the New England Journal of Medicine, however, has described resident educational programs to date as presc...