Most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains produce exotoxin A and two extracellular proteases (elastase and alkaline protease). Exotoxin A is a lethal toxin that inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by the same mechanism as diphtheria toxin. It is generated in clinical and experimental animal infections. Passive or active immunization against this toxin gives significant protection against ex...

Immunologic cross-reactivity between Streptococcus pyogenes type A exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins B and C1 was demonstrated by Ouchterlony double diffusion, Western immunoblot, and immunodot analyses. Specific antiserum to type A streptococcal exotoxin reacted more strongly with staphylococcal enterotoxin B than with enterotoxin C1. The reactivity of type A...

Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, cause serious human illnesses through combinations of surface virulence factors and secretion of exotoxins. Our prior studies using the protein synthesis inhibitor clindamycin and signal transduction inhibitors glycerol monolaurate and α-globin and β-globin chains of hemoglobin indicate that their abilities to inhibit exotoxin production by...

conclusions the results of the present study showed that in comparison with previously published primer sets, p. aeruginosa infection can be diagnosed with higher sensitivity and specificity by the conventional pcr assay using the newly designed primers. it was also shown that the results of the pcr assay on clinical samples of severe infections became positive much earlier than the results of ...

The site and characteristics of gastrointestinal electrolyte loss were investigated in eight dogs with experimental cholera induced by orogastric administration of 6-hr broth cultures of Vibrio cholerae, strain Ogawa 395. In these animals, all electrolyte losses originated in the small bowel, predominantly from the jejunum and ileum. The bicarbonate concentration of the small bowel fluid showed...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the volume of solution used to inject equivalent units of botulinum exotoxin A affects the diffusion of toxin and areas of rhytid diminution in the treatment of dynamic forehead lines. DESIGN Ten volunteers with dynamic forehead lines were included. Each study patient received a single injection at a point 2.5 cm above the orbital rim on either side of the for...

By the suppression, through anaerobiosis, of the exotoxin-producing activity of Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga a pure endotoxin is produced directly from the culture. The duality of the poison of Shiga bacillus is further substantiated by studies on the diffusion of exotoxin, or neurotoxin, and endotoxin, or enterotoxin, by means of collodion sacs, implanted intraabdominally in rabbits or placed in...