Increased pancreas mass and glucagon-positive adenomas have been suggested to be a risk associated with sitagliptin or exenatide therapy in humans. Novo Nordisk has conducted extensive toxicology studies, including data on pancreas weight and histology, in Cynomolgus monkeys dosed with two different human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. In a 52-week study with liraglutide, a ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abnormal glucagon secretion and functional alterations of the exocrine pancreas have been described in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but their respective anatomical substrata have seldom been investigated. Our aim was to develop an automated morphometric analysis process to characterize the anatomy of α-cell and exocrine pancreas in patients with T1D, using the public...

Pancreatic amylase, chymotrypsin B, and trypsin I genes are specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas. The 5'-flanking regions of these genes direct preferential expression of a linked reporter function (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) in the pancreatic exocrine cell line AR4-2J. The sequences upstream of the amylase and chymotrypsin genes that are required for this cell specific activ...

Park, Hyung Seo, and Hyoung Jin Park. Effects of g-aminobutyric acid on secretagogue-induced exocrine secretion of isolated, perfused rat pancreas. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279: G677–G682, 2000.—Because GABA and its related enzymes have been determined in b-cells of pancreas islets, effects of GABA on pancreatic exocrine secretion were investigated in the isolated, perfused rat p...

The acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas have the capacity of efficiently take up and metabolize L-dopa. In the present study, the metabolism of L-dopa by the exocrine pancreas of the rat and effects of receptor blockers on the metabolism were studied by fluorescent histochemical and chemical methods. After i.v. administration of L-dopa (50 mg/kg), a large amount of dopamine (DA) was detected ...

The L-pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is slightly active in normal and tumoral endocrine pancreatic tissues while, in vivo, this gene is not transcribed in the exocrine pancreas. Nevertheless, the L-PK gene is re-expressed at a very low level in cultured 266.6 cells derived from an exocrine pancreas carcinoma. The L-PK gene is early activated in endodermal tissues, e.g. yolk sac and primitive intes...

The role of the Notch signaling members Notch1, Notch2 and Rbpj in exocrine pancreatic development is not well defined. We therefore analyzed conditional pancreas-specific Rbpj and combined Notch1/Notch2 knockout mice using Ptf1a(+/Cre(ex1)) mice crossed with floxed Rbpj or Notch1/Notch2 mice. Mice were analyzed at different embryonic stages for pancreatic exocrine and endocrine development. Th...

Histological and histochemical studies on the pancreas of goose (Anser albifrons) were carried out using special staining and light microscope. The pancreas in goose is serous tubuloacinar gland having exocrine and endocrine part. Smooth muscle fibres were absent in capsule of pancreas. Acinar cells have bizonal shape. Intralobular ducts, Interlobular and main excretory ducts were present withi...

The Liver and Hepatobiliary System Metabolic Functions of the Liver Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolism Drug and Hormone Metabolism Bile Production and Cholestasis Cholestasis Bilirubin Elimination Tests of Hepatobiliary Function Disorders of the Liver Hepatitis Acute Viral Hepatitis Chronic Hepatitis Intrahepatic Biliary Disorders Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Primary Sclerosing Cholangiti...

Histologic grading schemes for canine inflammatory conditions are sparse, and in the case of the canine pancreas, have not been previously described. In a previous study, we determined that histologic lesions of the exocrine pancreas occurred much more frequently than gross lesions. The intention of the current study was to develop a histologic grading scheme for nonneoplastic lesions following...