Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...

Background: Since the high-rise buildings and deep underground structures dramatically increases in urban area, the decent design and construction of deep excavations is essential before these structures are actually built up. The building area is very susceptible to the changes of their geo-environment, and even minor insecurity of a deep excavation may lead to a catastrophic failure of struct...

limitations in the design method used for the support systems of urban buildings make them vulnerable to damage by adjacent excavations. this paper examines a traditional system used to support excavation sites and adjacent buildings in which inclined struts are connected to the wall or foundation of the adjacent building. this method can be considered to be a type of shoring or underpinning. t...

Abstract In this paper, a three-dimensional laser scanner was used to monitor the displacement of retaining structures for excavation, including ring beam and reinforced soil mixing wall (SMW) at an open excavation site. Eight scans were taken before after excavation. Three-dimensional point clouds produced with these are registered analyzed determine displacements structures. Cloud Mesh (C2M) ...

Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) was first reported as a choroidal posteriorly excavated zone without any scleral change. Choroidal excavation also divided into conforming and nonconforming type. Numerous reports demonstrated association between FCE and other disease such as choroidal neovascularization and central serous choroidoretinopathy. Here, we report a rare case of FCE in a patient with...

Automation of excavation work calls for a robotic system able to perform the planned digging work, and responsive to interaction forces experienced during excavation. The development of automated excavation control method requires a dynamic model to describe the evolution of the excavator motion with time. The joint torques of the boom mechanism are generated by hydraulic rams which also affect...

Original scientific paper In order to obtain the skewed pressure characteristics, the physical model tests, adopting two kinds of excavation sequences of the bench method and the expanding method, were conducted under the different confining pressures for observation thermal radiation characteristics of the skewed pressure induced by step-by-step excavation for a double-arch tunnel. Firstly, un...