Mary recently moved to Washington, D.C. and is looking to rent an apartment near where she is to attend college. As a first step, she consults a local classifieds web application to explore housing listings within her budget. Upon selecting the first listing in her search results she reads the description. What luck! Not only is the posted apartment near her college, but it is also close to a n...

Although most individuals who suffer a mild traumatic brain injury have complete recovery, a number experience persistent symptoms that appear inconsistent with the severity of the injury. Symptoms may be ascribed to malingering, exaggeration or poor effort on cognitive testing. The purpose of this paper is to propose that previously unconsidered factors, informed by social psychology and behav...

A nonnegative martingale with initial value equal to one measures evidence against a probabilistic hypothesis. The inverse of its value at some stopping time can be interpreted as a Bayes factor. If we exaggerate the evidence by considering the largest value attained so far by such a martingale, the exaggeration will be limited, and there are systematic ways to eliminate it. The inverse of the ...

religious scientists opinion about the numbers meaning in quran is different. some of them including shahab-o-ddin ebne edris reject that the numbers shall go out of their main original meaning and shall be applied in their virtual meaning and some others agree that some numbers like seven, seventy, and thousands are indicative of figurative meanings and say about them: the meaning of these num...

Coevolutionary arms races between species can favor exaggeration of traits for attack and defense, but relentless escalation of these arms races does not necessarily occur in all populations.

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic approach to allow qualitative symptoms that have been generated from order of magnitude qualitative simulation to be utilised as a fault detecting diagnostic system. The symptoms are interpreted as fuzzy rules and this allows numerical observations to be used as input to the symptoms and a ranking of faults as the output. The rule based approach results in a co...

This paper models the incentives created by career concerns for opinion-producing agents. We ...nd that career concerns can create an incentive for exaggeration or anti-herding, since high-ability agents will have opinions that are more di¤erent from the consensus on average and potential clients will learn more quickly about how di¤erent an agent’s opinions are from the consensus on average th...