in classical philosophy, a collection of suppositions that man attempts to discover and explains their truth on the basis of conformity criterion is called ma‘rifa (intuitive knowledge). the desirable ma‘rifa is one which possesses the two qualities of objectivity and necessity. such ma‘rifa should undoubtedly be conceived in a process that both guarantees the reflection of the realities of mat...

The legal standards for reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel at sentencing are underdeveloped. In other contexts, defendants seeking to prove ineffective assistance must demonstrate that counsel’s performance fell below appropriate professional standards and that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient performance, the result of the proceeding would ...

The purpose of the paper is to define concept and essence interpretation rules law based on generalized analysis scientific, journalistic, regulatory sources. Results. It established that an intellectual volitional activity interpreter, which carried out under principles by means interpretations aimed at clarifying and/or specifying content understand apply them in practice correctly uniformly....

Later inventors often improve upon products disclosed by earlier patentees, creating new products that were not fully possessed or enabled by those earlier patentees. Improvement raises the question of the temporal reach of the earlier inventor‘s patent, i.e., the reach that an earlier patent should have into future improvements that are not yet invented at the time the patent is filed. Tempora...

divine religions have a significant impact on formation of social norms and strengthening of social capital through the promotion of the moral virtues. the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of doctrines, rituals and ethical teachings of islam on muslims’ social capital in the 40 countries using the generalized trust index and the ordinary least squares method. research findings...

I respond to Sven Ove Hansson’s [2020. "Disciplines, Doctrines, and Deviant Science." International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 33 (1): 43-52. doi:10.1080/02698595.2020.1831258] discussion note on my (Letrud 2019) critique his (2013) pseudoscience definition. My addressed what considered be issues with choice definiendum, efficiency definition for debunking pseudoscience, a problematic...