Evaporative resistance has been widely used to describe the evaporative heat transfer property of clothing. It is also a critical variable in heat stress models for predicting human physiological responses in various environmental conditions. At present, sweating thermal manikins provide a fast and cost-effective way to determine clothing evaporative resistance. Unfortunately, the measurement r...

The dynamics of thin, non-circular droplets evaporating in the diffusion-limited regime is examined. challenging non-rectilinear mixed boundary problem this poses solved using a novel asymptotic approach and an expansion for evaporative flux from free surface droplet found. While theoretically valid only that are close to circular, it demonstrated methodology can successfully be applied with wi...

Recently, a novel humidifier that sprays water fine droplets equipped with copolymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)–poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) was developed. PEDOT/PSS in the absorbs from environment and releases by heating. In present study, effect of hydration on skin barrier, stratum corneum, first determined application using humidifier. The skin-penetration enhancement model h...

This paper describes a vacuum-decay based evaporative leak detection procedure for vehicle fuel systems. A physical model for an evaporative system is proposed containing parts for fuel evaporation, leakage flow and canister flow. Two methods for detecting evaporative leakages based on the model is presented. Both methods can detect a 0.5 mm diameter leakage in a laboratory environment.

Increases in microprocessor power dissipation coupled with reductions in feature sizes due to manufacturing process improvements have resulted in continuously increasing heat fluxes. The ever increasing chip-level heat flux has necessitated the development of thermal management devices based on spray and evaporative cooling. This lecture presents a comprehensive review of liquid and evaporative...

Evaporative cooling is used extensively in low humidity areas of the Southwest United States desert region and throughout other dry climate areas worldwide for residential thermal comfort. A literature review suggested the possibility of evaporative cooling increasing personal exposures to particulate matter along with increased incidences of respiratory illnesses. Indoor and outdoor particulat...

In hot and dry climates, evaporative cooling of the air by water spray can be applied in several requirements, such as condensers which airflow is precooled before it reaches condenser. The interaction between droplets a complicated two-phase flow that affected parameters. Here, an Eulerian-Lagrangian 3D model was developed to investigate influence important parameters on performance rectangula...

Evaporative lithography offers a promising new route for patterning a broad array of soft materials. In this approach, a mask is placed above a drying film to create regions of free and hindered evaporation, which drive fluid convection and entrained particles to regions of highest evaporative flux. We show that binary colloidal films exhibit remarkable pattern formation when subjected to a per...

in this study formation and properties of o/w emulsion stabilized by a mixture of sodium caseinate (2, 5 and 10 wt %) and non-ionic emulsifier tween 80, sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate, (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt %) were investigated at various ph values(3, 5 and 7) and calcium ion concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt%). emulsion samples were prepared by using a sonicator with a nominal power output...