The concept and the computation of terrain representation error (ETR) are investigated and total DEM error is presented as an accuracy index for DEM evaluation at a global level. A promising method of surface modelling based on the theorem of surfaces (SMTS) has been developed. A numerical test and a real-world example are employed to comparatively analyze the simulation accuracy of SMTS and th...

This document describes techniques for allowing sites running the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) to interoperate with Internet sites that may be using either IPv4, IPv6, or both but that are not running LISP. A fundamental property of LISP-speaking sites is that they use Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs), rather than traditional IP addresses, in the source and destination fields of all traffic...

This document describes techniques for allowing sites running the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) to interoperate with Internet sites that may be using either IPv4, IPv6, or both but that are not running LISP. A fundamental property of LISP-speaking sites is that they use Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs), rather than traditional IP addresses, in the source and destination fields of all traffic...

BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis has led to serious economic losses for Sika Deer producers in China. Strategies for controlling the spread of Mycobacterium bovis are often hampered by a lack of epidemiological data. Specifically, tracing infections requires the ability to trace back infections, which, in turn, requires the ability to determine isolates with a common source. This study was planne...

Measurements of the photosynthetic activity of symbiotic zooxanthellae in corals under natural growth conditions has been limited until recently, and this is one of the ®rst reports on utilising a newly developed underwater pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) ̄uorometer (the Diving-PAM, Walz Gmbh, Germany) for such studies in situ. Photosynthetic responses to irradiance (photosynthetic photon ̄ux, P...

Photosynthetic responses to irradiance by the photosymbionts of the two Red Sea sponges Theonella swinhoei (Gray) and Cliona vasti®ca (Hancock) growing under dim light conditions were measured in situ (in September 1997) using a newly developed underwater pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) ̄uorometer. Relative rates of photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) were calculated as the e€ective quantum...

While the topic of corporate tax avoidance has been experiencing ceaseless attention among researchers, its empirical aspect is still facing challenge constructing a single universally accepted measure such practice. Due to confidential nature returns, most studies have had rely on financial statements information developed proxy measures as effective rates (ETRs) and book-tax differences (BTDs...

What is it? Ethylene, or ethene in chemistry circles, is a colorless, flammable gas composed of two carbon atoms joined by a double bond. The chemical formula is C 2 H 4. Discovery as a biological agent… … In the late 19th Century, Dimitry Nikolayevich Neljubov, a young researcher at the Botanical Institute of St Petersburg, identified ethylene as the minor component of illuminating gas that ca...

The CMSII mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris, which lacks a functional mitochondrial complex I, was used to investigate chloroplast-mitochondria interactions in light acclimation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. CMSII and wild-type (WT) plants were grown at 80 micromol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic active radiation (PAR; 80) and 350 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PAR (350). Carbon assimilation at saturati...