When several decades ago the IRB system was established trying to balance major moral consideration in research with human subjects, the main impetus were severe cases of unethical behaviour and experiences, often protected by state and institutional administration. The first phase of the IRB aimed at protecting subjects from serious hazards, while in later stages the IRB turned to „lesser risk...

principlism, in general and four principles approach in particular is largely discussed in current medical ethics. accord­ing to principlism, the ethical relationship between physician and patient has to be categorized based on some princi­ples, the prin­ciples which are general, action-guiding and could help both the patient and the physician to arrange their ethical behav­ior. four principles...

Local review of research by ethics committees in the UK has long been held to be an important right of the local research ethics committee and, even with the introduction of the European Clinical Trials Directive, the governance arrangements for research ethics committees continue to allow for local review of multicentre studies. There is no requirement for local review in either the European U...

Article history: Received: 18-06-2015 Revised: 24-09-2015 Accepted: 11-11-2015

BACKGROUND The recent proliferation of health care report cards, especially in cardiac care, has occurred in the absence of an ethical framework to guide in their development and implementation. An ethical framework is a consistent and comprehensive theoretical foundation in ethics, and is formed by integrating ethical theories, relevant literature, and other critical information (such as the v...

INTRODUCTION It is important to be aware of the ethical pitfalls in programmes to prevent overweight and obesity, such as stigmatization, blaming the victim and reinforcement of health inequalities. In this article, we present an ethical framework for facilitating a structured analysis to the extent to which a programme prevents overweight or obesity is ethically acceptable. METHODS First, we...

introduction: ethical climate is a part of organizational culture. organizational values deal with ethical issues and determine what is considered ethically correct. the ethical climate of an organization can predict unethical and ethical behaviors. this study aimed to investigate and model the structural equations between the intention to quit and ethical climate, job satisfaction, and organiz...

Purpose In this paper, faculty librarians at Montana State University explore the ethical dimensions of conducting research with user-generated social networking site (SNS) data. In an effort to guide Librarian-Researchers, this paper first offers a background discussion of privacy ethics across disciplines, then proposes a library-specific ethical framework for conducting SNS research. Design ...

Decisions to control pharmaceutical costs can cause conflicts as to what medications are covered. Such conflicts have ethical implications, however implicit, and given this fact, an ethical framework can help address them. In the following commentary, we discuss the more traditional, individual-level ethical considerations likely familiar to most clinicians. We, then, discuss population-level e...