Background: Amikacin as a liposomal solution for nebulization is an antibiotic under study for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients. In a previous study, the respirability of amikacin dry powders obtained by spray drying was maximized using a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. This study intended to explore the most influential process and formulation...

The effects of acute ethanol intoxication were investigated in a rat model of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Groups of 5 to 8 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 4 hr of left middle cerebral artery occlusion. All groups were deprived of food overnight and were pretreated intraperitoneally with 5% dextrose solution (10 ml/kg), 20% ethyl alcohol in 5% dextrose solution (2 g/k...

This study was performed to validate the procedure of transarterial embolization of the renal artery (TAE-RA) using iohexol-ethanol solution in rabbits with unilateral experimental hydronephrosis and to evaluate the embolized kidney and contralateral normal kidney using B-mode ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography. Experimental hydronephrosis was induced at 17 days after ligation of...

We have applied rheological methods for the analysis of ethanol-lysozyme interaction during the process of denaturation and aggregation of the protein. At low concentration of ethanol a destruction of the hydration shell of lysozyme is observed. With the increase in the ethanol concentration a structural transformation takes place. It leads to the formation of a protein aggregate with an elonga...

To utilize starch and protein contained in microalgae as carbon and nitrogen sources for ethanol production, an extraction method, i.e. ultrasonic treatment using a homogenizer, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of extracted microalgae solution were studied using Chlamydomonas fasciata Ettl 437. 30 min of ultrasonic treatment gave the maximum extraction ratio of starch co...

many properties of chemicals depend on their streochemistry. among these, the effects of streoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs, which is subject of the present investigation, is not well studied yet. in this study, tretinoin (tt) and isotretinoin (itt) (geometric isomers) were chosen and their permeations (alone or in the presence of each other) through enhancer-treated excised rat...

The establishment of orally delivered etonitazene (a potent opioid) as a reinforcer, was studied in eight rhesus monkeys. Initially, when given concurrent access to 2.5 micrograms/ml etonitazene and the water vehicle, five of the monkeys rejected the drug, whereas the other three monkeys consumed more drug solution than water. The five monkeys that rejected the drug solution underwent an acquis...

The influence of the degree of saturation (DOS) of a gas in a solution on the intensity of multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) excited by ultrasound with a frequency of 261 kHz is investigated at various ultrasonic powers and with different concentrations of ethanol, which is added as a volatile solute. At relatively low powers and a high DOS, low ethanol concentrations give higher sonoluminesc...

The addition of organic solvents to α-amino acids in aqueous solution could be an effective method in crystallization. We reviewed the available data on the solubility of α-amino acids in water, water-ethanol mixtures, and ethanol at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The solubility of l-alanine, l-proline, l-arginine, l-cysteine, and l-lysine in water and ethanol mixtures and the solubility of l-alanine, l...

Two types of cupric oxide (Cu₂O) nanoarchitectures (nanobelts and nanopetal networks) have been achieved via immersion nanoporous copper (NPC) templates in anhydrous ethanol. NPC templates with different defect densities have been prepared by dealloying amorphous Ti60Cu40 ribbons in a mixture solution of hydrofluoric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different ratios of HF/PVP. Both a wa...