We propose iterative proportional scaling (IPS) via decomposable submodels for maximizing likelihood function of a hierarchical model for contingency tables. In ordinary IPS the proportional scaling is performed by cycling through the elements of the generating class of a hierarchical model. We propose to adjust more marginals at each step. This is accomplished by expressing the generating clas...

Estimating animal abundance in industrial scale batches of ground meat is important for mapping meat products through the manufacturing process and for effectively tracing the finished product during a food safety recall. The processing of ground beef involves a potentially large number of animals from diverse sources in a single product batch, which produces a high heterogeneity in capture pro...

Analytic expressions for the first order bias and second order covariance of a general maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) are presented. These expressions are used to determine general analytic conditions on sample size, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), that are necessary for a MLE to become asymptotically unbiased and attain minimum variance as expressed by the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The...

When constructing a test, an initial decision is choosing an appropriate item response format which can be classified as selected or constructed. In large-scale tests where time and finance are of concern, the use of response chosen known as multiple-choice items is quite widespread. This study aimed at investigating the impact of response format on the performance of structure tests. Concurren...

A simple but novel and applicable approach is proposed to solve the problem of smoothing effect of ordinary kriging estimate which is widely used in mining and earth sciences. It is based on transformation equation in which Z scores are derived from ordinary kriging estimates and then rescaled by the standard deviation of sample data and the sample mean is added to the result. It bears the grea...

Exponential families arise naturally in statistical modelling and the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) is consistent and asymptotically normal for these models [Berk [2]]. In practice, often one needs to consider models with a large number of parameters, particularly if the sample size is large; see Huber [14], Haberman [13] and Portnoy [18 21]. One may also think that the true model can only ...

Mandibular prognathism is assumed to be a polygenic trait in the vast majority of cases. In a few families, this phenotype and perhaps a syndrome with a broader spectrum of facial anomalies seems to be determined by a single dominant gene of very low frequency (McKusick No *176700). The phenotype is known to have occurred independently in several European noble families. We constructed a pedigr...

A simulation study was carried out on a backcross population in order to determine the effect of marker spacing, gene effect and population size on the power of marker-quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage experiments and on the standard error of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of QTL gene effect and map location. Power of detecting a QTL was virtually the same for a marker spacing of 10 cM ...

Neotricula aperta is the only known intermediate host of Schistosoma mekongi which infects humans in Cambodia and the southern tip of Lao PDR. DNA-sequence data (partial rrnL, i.e., mitochondrial 16S large ribosomal-RNA gene) were obtained for 359 N. aperta snails sampled at 31 localities in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Thailand. A nested clade analysis was performed to detect and evaluate any geograp...

this paper deals with the behavior at infinity of solutions to a class of wave equations with nonlinear dampingterms defined in a semi-infinite cylinder. the spatial behavior of solutions is studied and an alternative ofphragmén-lindelöf type theorems is obtained in the results. the main point in the contribution is the use of energy method.