PURPOSE To describe phenotyping and linkage analysis results for available members from a consanguineous nuclear family with hereditary congenital strabismus. METHODS Both parents and all 12 children underwent clinical examination. Available affected and several unaffected family members had venous blood sampling for DNA extraction and 10K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping (Affy...

A closer look at the evolution of the eye and the brain provides a possible explanation for both the origin of infantile esotropia and its motor characteristics. In the course of evolution, the eyes have moved from a lateral to a frontal position. Consequently, the monocular visual fields started to overlap resulting in a binocular visual field. In lateral-eyed animals, the retinae project to t...

Nelson: We’re going to discuss when to treat congenital esotropia. A 6-month-old child comes into your office with an esotropia of 65 prism diopters, alternate fixation, and a cycloplegic refraction of +2.50. Dr. Morrison, what is your treatment plan? Morrison: A child who’s clearly alternating fixation has a large angle of deviation that I assume to be an infantile strabismus. My cutoff for pr...

The onset of concomitant strabismus in most cases occurs during early infancy or childhood.' The two major categories of early onset concomitant esotropia are accommodative and congenital (infantile). While some disagreement exists as to the appropriate treatment of these strabismic disorders, there is general consensus that these are not usually causally related to any serious underlying neuro...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the results of symmetric and asymmetric surgery and responses to surgical amounts in patients with infantile esotropia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of patients with infantile esotropia who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession (symmetric surgery) and unilateral medial rectus recession with lateral rectus resection (asymmetric surgery) were analyzed. The resu...

AIM To compare the efficacy of reoperation and botulinum toxin injection in treating infantile esotropes early after unsatisfactory surgical alignment. METHODS 55 strabismic children who had been unsuccessfully operated for infantile esotropia were randomised to reoperation (28 patients) or botulinum toxin injection (27 patients). The motor outcomes (percentage of successful motor outcome and...

Infantile exotropia generally presents in a similar fashion to congenital esotropia. It typically occurs early in life and presents with a large, constant exodeviation. Patients with infantile exotropia are usually operated on early in life in the same manner as patients with congenital esotropia. In this issue, Rajavi et al. demonstrated that 18.3% of patients with infantile exotropia needed a...