This special issue of the Journal consists of nearly two dozen articles that address both methodological approaches to Arabic Natural Language Processing and Automatic Speech Recognition as well as pilot-tested applications that are of commercial value. In keeping with prior special issues of this Journal, published under the auspices of the current Editor-in-Chief, this issue will consider bot...

political, social, and economic spheres of iran underwent extensive changes during the pahlavi period. these evolutions brought about far-reaching cultural, population, and physical effects. in this period, centralization, immigration, and development policies led to an increasing growth in the population of tehran and consequently housing emerged in the capital. while the small-scale construct...

Recent philosophical dissection of the scientific method can be caricatured as a polar debate between Karl Popper’s sober view of objective development and falsification of hypotheses and Thomas Kuhn’s more glamorous espousal of a role for ideology and subjectivity; ‘‘real science’’ as performed by the authors of this and other journals is probably a rich mix of the two. But while scientific id...

The pragmatism in the title of this original, thought-provoking (but poorly copy-edited) book is a methodological orientation according to which all “cognitive behaviors are ultimately… guided by assessments values and reasons,” as opposed truth or fact. pragmatist their “representationalist” opponent disagree “concerning relative priority fact value order inquiry” (p. 108). Pragmatism, thus un...

Five experiments investigated the hypothesis that perspective taking—actively contemplating others’ psychological experiences—attenuates automatic expressions of racial bias. Across the first three experiments, participants who adopted the perspective of a Black target in an initial context subsequently exhibited more positive automatic interracial evaluations, with changes in automatic evaluat...

Although the number of homosexual alcoholic men and women has been estimatedto be proportionatelythree times greater than the number of alcoholics in the general population, their participation in Alcoholics Anonymous is not consistent with this proportional representation. It is proposed that their are a number of characteristics of A.A., as it is represented in meetings, which discourage part...

Nursing is a distinct scientific professional discipline, with a specific body of knowledge obtained through research and clinical practice. Today, a PhD nursing scholar is entrusted with shaping and preserving the quality and vitality of professional nursing. Evidences that are assembled from diverse paradigms of inquiry, nursing theories and philosophies are more fitted to address the basic q...

The subject matter of the nation is a usual staple on the menu of postcolonial Nigerian fiction. In this sense, the repertoire of Chinua Achebe’s art echoes an incurable preoccupation with Nigeria’s postcolonial condition as a nation. Also, this paper explores the centrality of intertextuality in the production of Achebe’s fiction, primarily his political novel about crisis plaguing intellectua...

There has never been a single set of criteria for the ascription of disease. The pathoanatomic view ascribed to Virchow and propounded by Thomas Szasz has coexisted with the patient-centered or phenomenologic view for millennia. Schizophrenia, as well as such entities as idiopathic epilepsy and migraine, may be considered a disease because it entails suffering and incapacity, albeit in the abse...

There are more areas of overlap as well as distinction between the Reduction Sequence and Chaîne Opératoire methods of archaeological analysis than the current debate recognizes. While methodological differences have been acknowledged, high-level theory differs to a greater degree than is currently appreciated, partly due to the social practice of archaeology in different contexts. This paper c...