harsh experiences of the ww1, encouraged many think-tanks and politicians to contain differences and prevent war through founding an international organization, through which global spanners are removed and peace and security are reinforced worldwide. the idea to set up “league of nations” came as peace negotiations was underway in the palace of versailles in france. iran was encroached directl...

In this research, a scientific look has been given to one of new Kurdish literary (Jalal mirza karim). Efforts have made show the poet's relationship with politics, culture, poetry and modernism. But so far no research conducted on his position productions in modern poetry. This was at time when he leaders free literature 1970s perspective movement poetry, study according method analysis. The i...

Acknowledgements I would like to thank my research advisor, Professor Dennis Shasha, for inspiring this work and especially for his guidance and patience along the way. I would also like to thank my wife, Melissa, and my son, Addison, for their enthusiastic encouragement and endless support. Finally, I want to thank Nicholas Perito for teaching me what a thesis actually is and for his editorial...

the victory of tugrul in dandanghan (431 hq/1073 ad) heralded the rule of seljuks in persia. the pinnacle of this period could be said to have been the ten years reign of alp arsalan (455-65/1063-73) and twenty years reign of his son malekshah (465-85/1063-73). these thirty years of continuous rule by father and son coincided with the chancellorship of khajeh nizam al-mulk, a wise counselor to ...

many studies have been accomplished on the subject of cyrus cylinder inscription, but mythological role of mesopotamian nabu on this cylinder has not been properly studied. the cylinder is damaged on some parts and nabu and marduk are the only remained god-names in the inscription. nabu was the god of writing, wisdom, and to some extent happiness who protected scribes and was believed to be the...