abstract the present study is concerned with the syntactic deviation in hafezs poetry. poems are known to be accompanied with various linguistic deviations. these deviations may be phonological, morphological and/or syntactic. the relatively high frequency of the cases of the syntactic deviation in hafezs poems makes this rhetorical feature as a main characteristic of his poetry. this thesis, ...

chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

Martyr Seyyed Muhammad Baqer Sadr is one of the scholars who have offered a relatively comprehensive theory regarding the nature, possibility, necessity and conditions of a revolution with the leadership of Islam and how this type of revolution can be implemented. His theory about revolution is not of post-revolutionary or analytic type but is pre-revolutionary and norm-based or guiding and den...

Every literary text, arise from the previous text and outcome of the interaction and dependencies between structural and semantic aspects and collection of quotes. Nahj al-Balagheh as a text, contains Quranic intertextuality, the Prophetic hadiths and Arab poetry. Since intertextuality  divided  to three types; quotation, plagiarism, allusion. in this paper, for answering the ques...

abstract: the present study is about prophet ishmael, some parts of his life; his personality in the quran and the bible; and the comparison of the content of these two religious books. compilation of the study has been done with a new perspective and new presentation approach. since prophets have been human beings’ role model and their life has been a perfect example for humanity in all ages,...

when we return to the concept of poetry and the age-old discussion about the uselessness or the usefulness of the poets to the private and public state of human beings, originating from plato and aristotles views about poets respectively, there emerges the question of the role of poetry in human beings lives. in the same manner, with the advance of technology and the daily progress and improvem...