Oxidative stress is an important feature in the pathogenesis of COPD. Targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants is likely to be beneficial in the treatment of COPD. Antioxidant agents such as thiol molecules (glutathione and mucolytic drugs, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acystelyn), dietary polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, green tea, c...

Reactive oxygen species, either directly or via the formation of lipid peroxidation products, may play a role in enhancing inflammation through the activation of stress kinases (cJun activated kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38) and redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor (NF)-kB and activator protein-1. This results in increased expression of a battery of ...

Methotrexate, inhibitor of a dihydrofolate reductase, is chemotherapeutic treatment applied in many kinds tumors as an anti-metabolite. also, Methotrexate to treat different other disorders, including diseases autoimmunity, such psoriasis, rheumatism, vasculitis and ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease. However, induces toxic effects on neurons, kidney toxicity, liver damage, also have been assoc...

PURPOSE Mucolytics can improve disease outcome in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of erdosteine (ER), a mucolytic agent with antioxidant activity, on systemic inflammation, symptoms, recurrence of exacerbation, and time to first exacerbation postdischarge in hospitalized patients wi...