Ad hoc network which requires no infrastructure equipment such as access points is paid great attention in recent years. In ad hoc network, each host controls its wireless access in a distributed fashion. Generally, carrier sensing is used for detecting channel availability. By using RTS and CTS control frames, MAC sub-layer predicts the channel use and resolves hidden-terminal problem. Broadca...

Data centers are becoming one of the major consumers of energy in modern economies accounting for a measurable fraction of the total energy consumption. Furthermore, the energy consumption of data centers has a high growth rate with the energy consumption doubling about every six years. With large data centers consuming several MW of power or even 10’s of MW energy efficiency and energy consump...

The US National Research Council recently recommended direct potable water reuse (DPR), or potable water reuse without environmental buffer, for consideration to address US water demand. However, conveyance of wastewater and water to and from centralized treatment plants consumes on average four times the energy of treatment in the USA, and centralized DPR would further require upgradient distr...

Biological water filtration is a process by which toxic compounds are removed from using organisms. A well-sized biological filter extremely important as part of recirculating aquaculture system for fish farming. equipment in recycling systems technological set that restores the vital qualities wastewater ponds, thus allowing its reuse

For over two decades China has faced a veritable e-waste challenge due to the continuous increase in quantities of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) coming from foreign and domestic sources. Over more than a decade, the government’s response has been focussed on developing large-scale recycling facilities so as to recover the valuable materials within WEEE. Simultaneously, China ...

The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an immense and unforeseen increase demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) healthcare workers worldwide. Amongst other products, respirator masks are crucial to protect the users against transmission of virus. Decontamination reuse existing stock could be a solution shortage new respirators. Based upon studies, it was found that (I) solid qua...

The demand for higher data rates and improved energy-efficiency have motivated the deployment of short-range, low-cost, consumer-deployed cellular access points, referred to as femtocells [1]. Femtocells are consumer-deployed cellular access points, which interconnect standard user equipment (UE) to the mobile operator network via the end user’s broadband access backhaul. Although femtocells ty...

High-tech semiconductor fabrication equipment is dynamics-sensitive due to its ultra-precision requirements. Significant structural innovations have been made characterized by floating support and direct drive in order to eliminate effects of friction and vibration transfer. Nevertheless, complicate dynamic characteristics of multi-physics coupling, among electricity, magnetism, fluid, solid, h...

Industrial rule-based diagnostic systems are often data-dependant in the sense that they rely on specific characteristics of individual pieces of equipment. This dependence poses significant challenges in rule authoring, reuse, and maintenance by engineers. In this work we address these problems by relying on Ontology-Based Data Access: we use ontologies to mediate the equipment and the rules. ...

Gelamo et al., on page 331 of this issue, present the elegant work entitled “Effects of reprocessing on chemical and morphological properties of guide wires used in angioplasty” [1], in which they describe significant morphological changes after washing the guide wires once or twice using ultrasonic vibration and enzymatic detergent, and no significant changes when sterilized with ethylene oxid...