in order to study the effects of corn density and planting pattern for reducing herbicide application, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at varamin research station of plant protection research institute. the experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot arrangement with 4 replications. experimental factors consisted of planting patterns at 4 levels included one row pl...

Abstract Late-emerging summer annual weeds are difficult to control in dry bean production fields. Dry is a poor competitor with weeds, due its slow rate of growth and delayed canopy formation. Palmer amaranth particularly season-long emergence resistance acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. growers rely on PPI preemergence residual herbicides for the foundation their weed program...

Herbicide use has provided agriculture with cost effective weed control and cont inued good crop yields, bu t occasional complications and adverse effects have been observed in the field. A recent review (1) discussed the effect of herbicides on plant diseases. Other studies have repor ted on the effects of herbicides on nematode infected crop plants (2,5,6,7,8,9,10,12). Effects ranged from agg...