We study the equilibrium conformations of a grafted polyelectrolyte (PE) in the presence of explicit counterions (CIs) using Monte Carlo simulations. The interplay between attractive Lennard-Jones interactions (parametrized by epsilon) and electrostatics (parametrized by A=q(2)l(B)/a, where q is the CI valency, l(B) is the Bjerrum length, and a is the monomer diameter) results in a variety of c...

The efficacy of Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) vaccine has been reported to be low for man. Although a live VEE vaccine has been shown to be highly effective for the protection of laboratory workers, local and systemic reactions have occurred in approximately 20% of inoculated individuals. Therefore, studies were initiated in an attempt to produce an inactivated vacci...

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses are important, naturally emerging zoonotic viruses. They are significant human and equine pathogens which still pose a serious public health threat. Both VEE and EEE cause chronic infection in mosquitoes and persistent or chronic infection in mosquito-derived cell lines. In contrast, vertebrate hosts infected wit...

INTRODUCTION Our goal in this combined modeling and experimental study was to gain insight into the transmembrane potential changes in defibrillation conditions, namely, when shocks are delivered by an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Two hypotheses concerning the presence and characteristics of virtual electrode effects (VEE) during an ICD shock were tested numerically and experim...

We study multiplier theorems on a vector-valued function space, which is generalization of the results Calderón and Torchinsky, Grafakos, He, Honzík, Nguyen, an improvement result Triebel. For $$0\frac{d}{s-(d/\min {(1,p,q)}-d)}$$ , then $$\begin{aligned} \big \Vert \{\big ( m_k \widehat{f_k}\big )^{\vee }\big \}_{k\in {\mathbb {Z}}}\big _{L^p(...

We conducted studies with mice, rats, and monkeys which demonstrated the ability of glucan to induce either nonspecific or specific enhancement of host resistance to infectious diseases. Intravenous pretreatment of mice with glucan significantly enhanced the survival of mice challenged with either Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus or Rift Valley fever virus. Pretreatment was benef...

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus associated with sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in the Western Hemisphere. After the bite of an infected mosquito, the virus initiates a biphasic disease: a peripheral phase with viral replication in lymphoid and myeloid tissues, followed by a neurotropic phase with infection of central nervous system (C...

An instance of the multiperiod binary knapsack problem (MPBKP) is given by a horizon length T, non-decreasing vector sizes $$(c_1, \ldots , c_T)$$ where $$c_t$$ denotes cumulative size for periods $$1,\ldots ,t$$ and list n items. Each item triple (r, q, d) r reward or value item, q its size, d time index (or, deadline). The goal to choose, each deadline t, which items include maximize total re...