The carbon contents in carburized steels were investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for a range of carbon levels in the solid solution less than 1 wt%. This article describes the difficulties encountered with the classic analytical procedure using the k ratio of X-ray intensities and the phi(rhoz) model. Here, a suitable calibration curve method is presented with emphasis on the m...

Biotin has been successfully incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers through electrospinning to prepare membrane substrates for biosensors based on biotin–streptavidin specific binding. Biotin incorporated PLA nanofiber membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and confocal microscopy. Under optimized conditions, small ...

In this paper computer program THERMOCALC, GIBBS and THERIAK-DOMINO are discussed and pseudosections are generated on some chemical data taken from the published literature from the Himalaya and Alps and also new chemical and EPMA data generated from the Garhwal Himalaya to demonstrate the capabilities of THERMOCALC and THERIAK-DOMINO. Usefulness and limitations of computed pseudosections (equi...

Specimen preparation using abrasives results in surface and subsurface mechanical (stresses, strains), geometrical (roughness), chemical (contaminants, reaction products) and physical modifications (structure, texture, lattice defects). The mechanisms involved in polishing with abrasives are presented to illustrate the effects of surface topography, surface and subsurface composition and induce...