Objective(s): The results of studies on vaccine development for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus show that the use of inactivated vaccines for FMD virus is not completely effective. Novel vaccinations based on immuno-dominant epitopes have been shown to induce immune responses. Furthermore, for safety of immunization, access to efficient adjuvants against FMD virus seems to be critical.Materi...

Background and Aim: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a health problem in countries. Despite the global prevalence of tuberculosis and the lack of appropriate drugs, further progress is still needed with the help of modern methods of preparing epitope-based vaccines for tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, specific T and B cell epitopes required for producing chimeric vaccines with ...

results the results of ifn-γ, il-4 production against antigens, epitopes, and recombinant catalase by t-cells were compared for better understanding of epitope efficiency. conclusions the current research demonstrated that epitope sequence stimulates cellular immune responses effectively. in addition, increased safety and potency as well as a reduction in time and cost were advantages of this m...

cd8+ t cells are thought to play an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. the major histocompatibility complex class i subtype hla-a*0201 is one of the most prevalent class i alleles, with a frequency of over 30% in most populations. hla-a*0201 transgenic, h-2db/mouse beta2-microglobulin double-knockout mice (hhd) which express human hla-a*0201 but no mouse class i, was shown t...

Bispecific antibodie (BsAbs) combine two or more epitope-recognizing sequences into a single protein molecule. The first therapeutic applications of BsAbs were focused on cancer therapy. However, these antibodies have grown to cover wider disease spectrum, including imaging, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and therapy inflammatory autoimmune diseases. can be categorized IgG-like formats non-IgG-like fo...

• Increased T-cell responses after targeting antigen to antigen-presenting cells. Antibody:T-cell epitope fusion mode affects the strength of response. integration supports induction CD4 and CD8 responses. Targeted delivery cells (APCs) enhances presentation thus, is a potent strategy for making more efficacious vaccines. This can be achieved by use antibodies with specificity endocytic surface...

This research aims to: 1) determine the feasibility of Mind Mapping based pocket book learning media to improve achievement in Civics subjects on Pancasila class 4 SD Muhammadiyah Karangwaru; 2) find out effectivenes Maping-based IV Karangwaru. postest. The difference scale increasing student between control and experimental clas tested with an independen sample t-test a sig level 0.05. results...

This study aims to research the potential of secondary crops in Central Java exploitation cluster analysis (non-hierarchical) and maping employing a geographic information system. processing was allotted using SPSS 15.0 Arcgis 10. 2. The results showed that Sukoharjo, Kudus, Demak, Pekalongan, Pemalang, Tegal, Brebes, Magelang town, Surakarta City, Salatiga city Pekalongan Tegal City had low (c...