An integrated life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis model was developed and applied to enhance the sustainability of concrete bridge infrastructure. The objective of this model is to compare alternative bridge deck designs from a sustainability perspective that accounts for total life-cycle costs including agency, user, and environmental costs. A conventional concrete bridge deck a...

Arguing that environmental sustainability is a growing concern for digital information systems and services, this article proposes a simple method for estimation of the energy and environmental costs of digital libraries and information services. It is shown that several factors contribute to the overall energy and environmental costs of information and communication technology (ICT) in general...

Environmental disclosure has gained momentum in the past decades due to increasing pressure from different stakeholders, especially Chinese practice. In background, previous research focused on financial performance of environmental information disclosure, and little literature discussed nexus between costs. The paper made an initial attempt link aspects costs (i.e., quality, enterprise size, m...

A key policy breakthrough occurred nearly twenty years ago with the discovery that children are far more sensitive than adults to toxic chemicals in the environment. This finding led to the recognition that chemical exposures early in life are significant and preventable causes of disease in children and adults. We review this knowledge and recommend a new policy to regulate industrial and cons...

PURPOSE The aim of this research is to estimate lifetime costs and health consequences for Korean adult women who were exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home. METHODS A Markov model was developed to project the lifetime healthcare costs and health outcomes of a hypothetical cohort of Korean women who are 40 years old and were married to current smokers. The Korean epidemiological data were...

(31 Aug., p. 819) argue that, because current pricing practices do not internalize environmental costs, some mechanism other than the market is needed to protect environmental values. They propose a system of environmental credits-natural resource units (NRU's)-to be allocated to individuals and industrial organizations. Although their system is ingenious, I offer the following objections. 1) T...

Environmental degradation and Economic growth are two important proofs in sustainable development which are followed by steel industry. In this case, energy and environmental damages as sustainability patterns of environment have been investigated in three different dust collectors to select the most environmentally suitable dust collector for electric furnace. In this article, the consumption ...