This article focuses on the medically relevant arachnid species found in North America and selected other arachnids from around the world. While it is largely still true that the geographic location of the envenomation assists in determining the species responsible, the booming trade in arachnids as exotic pets should prompt the clinician to inquire into this possibility. Expert advice should b...

The evaluation of a patient after Crotalinae envenomation requires assessment local and systemic signs symptoms in conjunction with laboratory data. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an em...

Viperid snakebite envenomation is characterized by inflammatory events including increase in vascular permeability. A copious exudate is generated in tissue injected with venom, whose proteomics analysis has provided insights into the mechanisms of venom-induced tissue damage. Hereby it is reported that wound exudate itself has the ability to induce increase in vascular permeability in the skin...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible role of tumor necrosis factor in mediating cardiotoxicity following venom injection in a rat. DESIGN A randomized controlled experimental study using a Langendorff isolated heart model. SETTING Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS The control group (n = 10) was injected with saline only. Each animal in the experimental g...

Antivenom antibody titers following administration of rattlesnake venom for antivenom production in horses are well documented; however, antivenom antibody titers following natural rattlesnake envenomation in horses are not. Antibody titers produced in response to the commercially available rattlesnake venom vaccine are also not published. Our study objectives were to measure antivenom antibody...

In the present study, the histopathological and Ultrastructural changes occurring in the renal cortical cells of rats following intramuscular injection of 1⁄8 LD50 (0.0625 mg/kg body weight) of cobra (Naja haje) crude venom were investigated with the light and transmission electron microscopes. Tissues were obtained for investigation at 4 h, 8 h and 12 h time intervals following injection of th...

background: snakebite is the most important cause of envenomation in south asia particularly in bangladesh, though there is lack of data from the rural part of the country. about 82 species of snakes (28 venomous) exist in bangladesh. in this study, demographic characteristics of the victim, circumstances behind the bite along with pre-hospital and hospital managements and outcomes were evaluat...

This study evaluated the effects of Mesobuthus eupeus (Me) scorpion venom on inflammatory response following injection. Additionally, the present study examined whether immunotherapy at specific time intervals would be effective on inflammatory response after Me venom inoculation. Animals were divided randomly into four groups: the first group received LD50 of venom and the second and third gro...

We present a normal 13-year old female who developed left cerebral infarction following envenomation by the carpet viper (Echis car inat us). We have read of only one other case of cerebral infarction following viper envenomation (Viperi russelli). Possible mechanisms for cerebral infarction in these circumstances are discussed. It is believed that this complication may be more common than is r...

This is a case report of a Boiruna maculata snake bite in a child admitted to the Hospital Municipal de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The patient was bitten on the lower left limb, and exhibited pronounced local manifestations of envenomation. She was treated with Bothrops antivenom and was discharged from the hospital five days later with marked improvement of enven...