Many properties of chemicals depend on their stereochemistry. Among these, the effects of stereoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs are not well studied. We have previously shown that permeation of tretinoin and isotretinoin (two geometric isomers) through hydrophilic enhancers-treated rat skin is stereoselective. As, depending on their lipophilicity, penetration enhancers can change ...

Many properties of chemicals depend on their stereochemistry. Among these, the effects of stereoisomerism on percutaneous absorption of drugs are not well studied. We have previously shown that permeation of tretinoin and isotretinoin (two geometric isomers) through hydrophilic enhancers-treated rat skin is stereoselective. As, depending on their lipophilicity, penetration enhancers can change ...

We have performed a comparative analysis of the insertion sites of engineered Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) insertional mutagenesis vectors that are based on the maize (Zea mays) transposable elements and Agrobacterium T-DNA. The transposon-based agents show marked preference for high GC content, whereas the T-DNA-based agents show preference for low GC content regions. The transposon-base...

This study assessed the effect of disease control agents, fungicides and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DOG), on a mycotoxin, patulin, production by strains of Penicillium expansum. Fungicides and DOG were added individually to agar on which the fungus was then grown. In an initial screen of six fungicides, three indicated that patulin was stimulated. These were tested further at a range of concentrations ...

To determine the effect of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer or promoter on the efficiency of viral replication in permissive human cells, we constructed recombinant viruses with their human MIE promoter, enhancer, and promoter plus enhancer replaced with the murine CMV components. After a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) (0.01 PFU/cell), recombinant human ...

The ZRS enhancer, a regulatory sequence found in numerous organisms, plays an important role early embryonic limb development. controls the expression of Sonic Hedgehog gene (Shh), and therefore development organism as Shh has been shown to control width bud by stimulating mesenchyme cell proliferation due its ability regulate anterior-posterior length apical ectodermal ridge. Several transcrip...

The development of novel protein-targeted MRI contrast agents crucially depends on the ability to derivatise suitable targeting moieties with a high payload of relaxation enhancer (e.g., gadolinium(iii) complexes such as Gd-DOTA), without losing affinity for the target proteins. Here, we report robust synthetic procedures for the preparation of trivalent Gd-DOTA reagents with various chemical h...

Purine-rich enhancers are exon sequences that promote inclusion of alternative exons, usually via activation of weak upstream 3' splice sites. A recently described purine-rich enhancer from the caldesmon gene has an additional activity by which it directs selection of competing 5' splice sites within an alternative exon. In this study, we have compared the caldesmon enhancer with another purine...