Abstract We detail the design of a variable energy, x-ray fluorescence source using low activity (1.8×10 6 dpm) 99 Tc β that irradiates thin foils. By rotating among foils Ti, Zn, Nb, Ag, and Au, device produces x rays between 4 70 keV at rate near 1 Hz. When is placed in storage position, external radiation non-detectable. The shielding rotation mechanism permits use vacuum liquid nitrogen tem...

Energy consumption has been essential to societies; because societies depend on the rising provisions of energy to meet their requirements for goods and services and endorse sustainable development. The major source of energy nowadays is oil; oil consumption is dependent on oil availability, production and price. Several Arab countries are considered as major suppliers of oil in the world; cons...

Dipole Moments, Diazoketones, Thermodynamic, Dielectric Measurements The electric dipole moments of acetyldiazomethane (MeCOCHN2) and 1-acetyl-1-diazoethane (MeCOCMeN2) between 10 and 70 °C have been measured. Using appropriate group and bond moments, the concentrations of the two rotamers present in each have been calculated and, hence, the equilibrium constant for the cis trans equilibrium at...

Output power in a hybrid power system is constant while the input power with variable characteristics that is generated by different sources. Using Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) systems, is growing rapidly since there is an obvious need for clean energy. This paper introduces different parts of a HEES system and then proposes HEES systems which employ battery, ultracapacitor and f...