Am 15. Juni fallen die Entscheidungen in den drei Linien der Exzellenzinitiative, in denen die Ruhr-Universität mit je einem Antrag in der Endrunde vertreten ist. Hunderte von Mitgliedern unserer universitas waren an der Konzeption, Antragserstellung und Vorbereitung sowie der Durchführung der Begutachtungen beteiligt – alle mit sehr viel Engagement und Herzblut. Gerade bei der Begehung im Febr...

Muscle hyperactivity can manifest as involuntary twitches of muscle fibers or muscle groups or, more rarely, as a long lasting spasm. Clinically evident muscle hyperactivity must be considered abnormal only when it is consistent. Occasional involuntary twitches such as those experienced in the eyelids or in other muscles are probably only reflecting transient states of general stress or nervous...

Though migraine and tension-type headache are common, some primary headache syndromes are relatively rare and poorly recognized in daily practice. Despite the diagnostic challenges, the short-lasting primary headaches are important to recognize because of their excellent but highly selective response to treatment. In 1997 Goadsby and Lipton documented a nosological analysis and definition of a ...

Gene therapies for neurological diseases with autonomic or gastrointestinal involvement may require global gene expression. Gastrointestinal complications are often associated with Parkinson's disease and autism. Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's brains, are routinely identified in the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) following colon biopsies from patients. The ENS ...

Gut motility disorders can result from an absent, damaged, or dysfunctional enteric nervous system (ENS). Cell therapy is an exciting prospect to treat these enteric neuropathies and restore gut motility. Previous studies have examined a variety of sources of stem/progenitor cells, but the ability of different sources of cells to generate enteric neurons has not been directly compared. It is im...

This paper presents a new and useful methodology for simultaneous allocation of sectionalizer switches and distributed energy resources (DERs) considering both reliability and supply security aspects. The proposed algorithm defines the proper locations of sectionalizer switching devices in radial distribution networks considering the effect of DER units in the presented cost function and other ...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of neurons and glial cells, organized as interconnected ganglia within the gut wall, which controls peristalsis of the gut wall and secretions from its glands. The Ret receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed throughout enteric neurogenesis and is required for normal ENS development; humans with mutations in the RET locus have Hirschsprung disease (HSCR...

Background The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract has traditionally been viewed as a system of ganglia that operates largely independently of the brain and spinal cord. Because of this postulated autonomy, the ENS has even been characterised as the “little brain” or the “second brain.” Recent neural tracing studies, however, challenge this canon of ENS autonomy. The view...

Article history: Received 8.5.2012. Received in revised form 16.7.2012. Accepted 20.7.2012. In medium voltage optimal power distribution network routing, especially in the suburban and rural ones, it is often necessary to estimate additional construction costs of tie feeders enabling backup supply in comparison with a decrease in energy not supplied costs. This paper describes one fast approxim...

Abstract Convection-permitting ensemble prediction systems (CP-ENS) have been implemented in the midlatitudes for weather forecasting time scales over past decade, enabled by increase computational resources. Recently, efforts are being made to study benefits of CP-ENS tropical regions. This examines forecasts produced Met Office East Africa, 24 cases period April–May 2019. The CP-ENS, an with ...