Jarzynski’s identity relates the equilibrium free energy difference ∆F to the work W carried out on a system during a non-equilibrium transformation. In physics literature, the identity is usually written in the form: 〈e−βW 〉 = e−β∆F , where the average is said to be taken over all trajectories in the phase space. The identity in this form has been derived in different ways and published by man...

Daniele Binosi and Joannis Papavassiliou Departamento de F́ısica Teórica and IFIC, Centro Mixto, Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain Abstract The all-order construction of the pinch technique gluon self-energy and quark-gluon vertex is presented in detail within the class of linear covariant gauges. The main ingredients in our analysis are the identification of a sp...

the geopolitically important basin of the mazandaran sea found its new identity after the collapse of the soviet :union: as an active region with specific functions. the power vacuum arising from the collapse of the soviet :union: and presence of huge energy resources attracted the attention of trans-regional powers and flow of big investment companies to the region. regional developments are a...