To provide a reliable and efficient service, load balancing plays an important role in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There is a need to maximize the network lifetime for WSNs applications with periodic generation of data. Due to the relationship between energy consumption and network sensor node lifetime, energy consumption in a network should be minimized and balanced in order to increase n...

In the last years, the power consumption of telecommunication networks has attracted the attention of both researchers and field experts in order to contain the associated energy bills and reduce their ecological impact. Many of the proposed solutions have been focused exclusively on the reduction of the power consumption, without adequately considering more traditional network engineering obje...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are defined as dynamic, self-deployed, highly constrained structured network. The WSN is a special kind of network which consists of large number of sensors and minimum one base station. Main difference between the WSN and the traditional wireless networks is that sensors are extremely sensitive to energy consumption. Energy saving and load balancing are the cruc...

Energy storage systems with many Lithium Ion battery cells per string require sophisticated balancing hardware due to individual cells having manufacturing inconsistencies, different self discharge rates, internal resistances and temperature variations. For capacity maximization, safe operation, and extended lifetime, battery balancing is required. Redistributive non-dissipative balancing furth...

Cloud computing is a fastest growing technology in the research and industry field.It provides the on demand resources to the customers on the rent basis. These resources are provided through the virtual machines. Resources required by the virtual machines can change dynamically. So load balancing in the cloud is more challenging task as compared to the traditional computing, where the resource...

The principal focus of this survey is on how to maximize the useful lifetime of ad hoc wireless networks through energy-efficient routing. Most of the studies on energy-aware routing protocols do not provide clear-cut notions about a network’s lifetime and therefore there is a lack of clear objectives in the design of algorithms. Hence, first the operational lifetime of ad hoc networks is defin...

In this paper we improved the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol to Load Balanced DSR (LBDSR) protocol. We modified control messages in DSR in order to maintain remained energy of intermediate nodes. Routes discovered by these modified control messages, have a remained energy array field which shows total of remained battery power of all nodes in a route. Selecting a route is depending on le...