Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. In these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. TORA is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it do...

Wireless Sensor Networks are a set of sensor nodes that probe their surroundings and send data over multi-hop routes to base-station (BS) for processing. Many routing protocols have been developed WSNs. A great attention has given geographic protocols, which rely only on local knowledge disseminate towards the BS. In this paper, we propose new energy efficient protocol called Improved Energy-aw...

Energy efficiency is one of the key aspects IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since nodes network are running on battery power lifespan system an important mission-critical parameter. In WSNs, where energy consumption mainly depends radio interface transmission protocols, reliable packet forwarding from source node to Base Station (BS) crucial. this paper, we focus developing new routing ...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become one of the most prominent areas of research in the field of modern communication systems. But unlike IP based routing, WSNs focus on data centric communication. Thus routing is one of the important issues to be considered for a wireless network. As sensor networks are generally deployed in hostile environments, batteries cannot be recharged often. Thu...