BACKGROUND This research-based paper examined the Indonesian foundation and endowment laws in relation to educational and religious institutions which are managed under foundation legal structure. The institutions examined were: 1) The Pondok Pesantren al-Ansor Foundation in Padangsidimpuan City; 2) The Pesantren Dar al-Ma'arif Education Foundation in South Labuhanbatu Regency; and 3) ​The Masj...

Human behavior is not always consistent with standard rational choice predictions. Apparent deviations from rational choice predictions provide a promising arena for the merger of economics and biology [1-6]. Although little is known about the extent to which other species exhibit these seemingly irrational patterns [7-9], similarities across species would suggest a common evolutionary root to ...

Agents and endowments. There is a representative household and a government. For expositional purposes, the representative household is split into a ‘worker’ and a ‘shopper’. The worker receives a stochastic endowment yt(s ) of a single non-storable good. The household is prohibited from directly consuming its own endowment. Instead, the worker sells the endowment for money which is used by the...

theories and the existing studies predict different the relationship between external financing and investing activities and the stock returns. but almost of them predict that there is negative relationship separately between financing and investing activities with stock returns. this study examined the assumption that there is a significantly negative relationship between external financing ac...

This article analyzes the issues of improving mechanism providing rule-making process with scientific information. The purpose research is to develop relevant proposals, recommendations, and paper role endowment funds at present, their specific characteristics, organizational forms funds, goals best foreign experience in this regard. To achieve goal, various journalistic articles, opinions scie...

The endowment effect has been debated for over 30 years. Recent research suggests that differential focus of attention might play a role in shaping preferences. In two studies we investigated the role of biased attention in the emergence of endowment effects. We thereby derive predictions from an extended version of evidence accumulation models by additionally assuming a bias in attentional all...

In this paper, based on Marxism social security theory, the author creatively advances that in China value of labour-power consists of the endowments for the laborer and part of endowments for his or her parents, considering China’s conditions. By this way, the author integrates traditional individual, family, collectivity, and state endowments into a complex endowment mode, namely the target m...

Egypt and Cuba are both lower-middle income countries with a history of socialist rule, which have embarked on economic liberalization since the 1990s. Cuba has achieved exemplary health status whereas health status in Egypt is lower than could be expected for its level of income. In this article, health care financing mechanisms in both countries are analysed on their effectiveness, efficiency...

The World Health Report 2000 (WHR 2000) is probably best remembered for trying to stack the health systems of different countries up against each other using a uniform set of measures (WHO 2000). Certainly, senior health officials in my own country (South Africa) repeatedly referred to our ranking of 175 out of 191 countries, in terms of overall health system performance, to highlight our pligh...